阅读理解 Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers, according to a new study. The research examined three studies【C1】________more than 18,000 participants. Across all three, parenthood was【C2】________with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums. So why are fathers happier than mothers? "Fathers may fare better than mothers in part due to how they spend time with their children," said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey. In one study, the authors【C3】________that dads were more likely to take "playing" as an【C4】________ activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with their kids. "Playing with their children likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and【C5】________closeness with their children," they say. Fathers also did better than men without kids, reporting greater happiness, life satisfaction, and fewer【C6】________symptoms. They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy (自主). For mums, 【C7】________, compared to women without children, the results weren’t quite as positive. Mums reported greater autonomy, but also "greater trouble" and fewer positive【C8】________. Mums reported happier moods while interacting with their kids, compared to other experiences, but not while engaging【C9】________in childcare. "This difference suggests that how mothers and fathers spend time with their children might have important【C10】________for their wellbeing," the authors write. They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they’re more likely to have higher expectations about parenthood. As such, they’re more likely to be "let down" by the experience. A) additional E) depressive I) implications M) precisely B) associated F) directly J) interfered N) superficial C) composing G) emotions K) involving O) therefore D) cultivate H) however L) note
问答题 【C1】
【正确答案】K
【答案解析】空格位于两个名词短语之间,且本句已有谓语动词examined,因此空格处考虑填入非谓语动词,补充说明宾语three studies。从下文的more than 18,000 participants可知,这3项凋查应有超过18,000人参与,即这3项调查包含18,000参与者。代入词库的非谓语动词involving“包含,牵涉”,符合此处语境,故选K。
问答题 【C2】
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】空格前为be动词was,空格后为介词with,因此空格处填入可与前后构成固定搭配的词。词库中能与with搭配的形容词和动词分词只有associated和interfered,而be interfered with意为“受到干扰”,其语义和感情色彩与下文的more positive wellbeing outcomes“更幸福”不匹配。代入associated,意为 “与……联系”,表示“养育子女与更幸福有关联”,语义通顺,故选B。
问答题 【C3】
【正确答案】L
【答案解析】空格位于主语the authors和that引导的宾语从句之间,故空格处应填入动词作谓语。空格所在段落为一般现在时,且主语为第三人称复数the authors,因此动词的形式应为原形。根据下文,可知从句描述的是研究内容,而authors“作者”应“指出、呈现”研究内容,代入note“指出”,符合此处语境。故选L
问答题 【C4】
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】空格位于不定冠词an和名词activity“活动”之间,因此空格处填入定语修饰activity。考虑到空格前为不定冠词an,空格处的定语应以元音音素开头。根据上下文,养育子女需要照顾孩子和与孩子相处,父亲和母亲的不同在于他们与孩子相处的方式,与孩子玩耍是父亲与孩子相处的特点,因此“playing”是父亲养育子女时额外的活动。代入additional“额外的”,语意通顺,故选A。
问答题 【C5】
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】空格位于to引导的非谓语结构中,且空格位于连词and和名词closeness之间,因此空格处考虑填入动词原形。词库中的动词原形只有cultivate“培养”和note“注意;指出”,note强调的是“对事物或事件的注意和呈现”,而本句强调的是“与孩子的亲密关系”,因此note不合适。代入cultivate,表示“培养与孩子的亲密关系”,句意通顺,故选D。
问答题 【C6】
【正确答案】E
【答案解析】空格位于形容词比较级fewer和名词symptoms之间,因此空格处可能填入定语修饰symptoms。根据上文的greater happiness,life satisfaction“更高的幸福感和生活满意度”,可知父亲有更多正面积极的情绪,因此负面消极的情绪会更少,空格处填入表示“悲观”的词语。词库中的depressive“患抑郁症的,抑郁的”符合此处语境,故选E。
问答题 【C7】
【正确答案】H
【答案解析】空格所在句的句子结构完整,因此空格处考虑填入副词作状语。根据上下文,空格前两句描述“父亲的表现也比没有孩子的男性好”,空格所在句子描写的是母亲与没有孩子的女性的比较情况,但“结果并不那么积极”,可知母亲与父亲的情况形成对比,此处填入的副词应表示转折关系。词库中的however“然而”符合此处语境,故选H。
问答题 【C8】
【正确答案】G
【答案解析】空格位于形容词短语fewer positive后,因此空格处应填入名词。由上文的greater happiness,life satisfaction“更高的幸福感和生活满意度”、the results weren’t quite as positive“结果并不那么积极”,可知对比父亲,母亲更少有积极的感受和情绪,词库中的emotions“情绪”代入空格,符合此处语境,故选G。
问答题 【C9】
【正确答案】F
【答案解析】空格所在的句子结构完整,因此空格处考虑填入副词作状语。对比前半句的while interacting with their kids“和孩子互动”与后半句的engaging in childcare“参与育儿过程”,根据前者使母亲心情更愉快可知后者所需的参与度比前者的更高,空格处应填入强调更高参与度的副词。代入词库中的directly“直接”,表示“直接参与育儿”,符合此处语境,故选F。
问答题 【C10】
【正确答案】H
【答案解析】空格位于形容词important和介词短语for their wellbeing之间,因此空格处应填入名词。结合上文可知,母亲在与孩子互动时心情更愉快,育儿时则不然,说明父母与孩子相处的方式会对父母自身的情绪产生影响,故空格处应填入表示“影响”含义的词。词库中的implications“可能的影响”符合要求,故选I。