单选题 Business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Most Americans believe, for example, that businesses are more efficient and better-run than the federal government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it wilt lose to a competing business that treats its customers more fairly. Where businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to give them inferior products or poor services.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Americans compare business competition to a race open to all, where success and status go to the swiftest person, regardless of social class background.
Business competition is also seen by most Americans as encouraging hard work. If two business people are competing against each other, the one who works harder is likely to win. The one who spends less time and effort is likely to lose. Because business people must continually compete against each other, they must develop the habit of hard work in order not to fail.
Americans are aware that business institutions often do not live up to the ideals of competition and the support of freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work. Americans sometimes distrust the motives of business people, believing that they are capable of putting profit before product safety, or a cleaner environment. Therefore, most Americans believe businesses need some government regulation, although they may disagree on how much. Even with these flaws, however, most Americans believe that business comes closer than other institutions to carrying out competition and other basic values in daily practice.
单选题 In the United States, business has great prestige because ______.
  • A. Americans think it is the only way for a person to become rich
  • B. Americans believe it supports ideals and values that are important to the country
  • C. Americans feel they benefit more from business institutions than from other institutions in society
  • D. Americans think it is more difficult to succeed in business than in other fields
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】细节题。根据第二段最后一句,美国人认为商业是建立在竞争之上的最好的组织形式,而且竞争不仅自己本身好,而且是其他美国价值观念得以保护的途径。因此B符合此意思。
单选题 Which of the following statements is NOT true?
  • A. Many Americans believe that businesses are more efficient and better-run than the federal government.
  • B. Americans believe competition among businesses is good for the economy.
  • C. Americans see competition as a means to protect other basic American values.
  • D. Americans think competition among businesses is good in itself, but does little to protect the freedom of the individual.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】是非题。参考上题可知,竞争不仅自己本身好,而且是其他美国价值观念得以保护的途径。因此D不符合这个意思,所以是本题正确选项。其他三个选项均符合原文意思。
单选题 Competition among businesses can result in ______.
  • A. harm to equality of opportunity
  • B. monopoly power
  • C. an all-powerful government
  • D. superior products and services
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】细节题。在第三段中,竞争通过确保不会出现垄断而保护个人自由,许多企业相互竞争,所以为了竞争到顾客的支持,他们不能为消费者提供低劣的产品和服务,也就是说他们必须提供质量高的产品和服务以赢得顾客。所以D是符合此意思的。
单选题 To succeed in American business, people believe that ______.
  • A. family background and social position are more important than anything else
  • B. they have to take unfair advantage of customers in order to make more profit
  • C. they must develop the habit of hard work in order to win
  • D. they have to put profit before product safety or a cleaner environment
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节题。在第五段中,大多数美国人认为商业竞争鼓励了努力工作。如果两个商人相互竞争,付出更多努力的人才更有可能成功,反之亦然。因此,要想在竞争中获胜,努力工作的精神是必须的。所以C是正确的。
单选题 This passage can be entitled ______.
  • A. The Prestige of Business and the Ideal of Competition
  • B. The Characteristics of American Business
  • C. Competition: A Major Source of Progress and Prosperity
  • D. Business Institutions vs. Federal Government
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】主旨题。本文一开始先讲商业在美国比其他任何组织都具有更高的威望,然后分析了其中的原因,最主要一点就是它建立在竞争基础之上,而竞争又会保护美国所有其他价值观念。所以A能体现全文的大意,是本题的正确选项。