单选题 In recent years, the food industry has increased its use of labels. Whether the labels say ’non-GMO (非转基因的)’ or ’no sugar,’ or ’zero carbohydrates’, consumers are increasingly demanding more information about what’s in their food. One report found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are responding to the report with new labels to meet that demand, and they’re doing so with an eye towards giving their products an advantage over the competition, and bolstering profits. This strategy makes intuitive sense. If consumers say they want transparency, tell them exactly what is in your product. That is simply supplying a certain demand. But the marketing strategy in response to this consumer demand has gone beyond articulating what is in a product, to labeling what is NOT in the food. These labels are known as "absence claims" labels, and they represent an emerging labeling trend that is detrimental both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt’s put a "non-GMO" label on its canned crushed tomatoes a few years ago—despite the fact that at the time there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Some dairy companies are using the "non-GMO" label on their milk, despite the fact that all milk is naturally GMO-free, another label that creates unnecessary fear around food. While creating labels that play on consumer fears and misconceptions about their food may give a company a temporary marketing advantage over competing products on the grocery aisle, in the long term this strategy will have just the opposite effect: by injecting fear into the discourse about our food, we run the risk of eroding consumer trust in not just a single product, but the entire food business. Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers’ minds: Were these foods ever safe? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to my family or the planet? For food manufacturers, it will mean damaged consumer trust and lower sales for everyone. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study found that absence claims labels can create a stigma around foods even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm. It’s clear that food manufacturers must tread carefully when it comes to using absence claims. In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, this verbal trick sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and ultimately, more costly food products. If we allow this kind of labeling to continue, we will all lose.

单选题 What trend has been observed in a report?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词trend和observed in a report，答案线索可以定位到第一段。第一段第三句提到：“一份报告发现，395名的消费者会从目前购买的品牌转向提供更清晰、更准确的产品信息的品牌。”由此可知，这份报告表明消费者对清晰、准确的产品信息的需求日益增长，故选项D正确。原文没有提到产品安全意识的信息，选项A属于无中生有，故排除。第一段最后一句提到，食品制造商推出新标签以提高利润，但这是食品制造商对报告做出的回应，而不是报告表明的趋势，故排除选项B。第一段第二句提到消费者要求获得更多有关食品成分的信息，而不是需要获得更多引人注目的食品标签，故排除选项C。

单选题 What does the author say is manufacturers’ new marketing strategy?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词manufacturers ‘new marketing strategy，答案线索可以定位到第二段。第二段第五句提到“这些标签被称为‘不含某种成分声明’标签，它们代表了一种新兴的贴标签趋势”，这里提到的趋势就是题干说的“制造商的新营销策略”，那这一策略是什么呢?我们需要去前文寻找答案。该段第四句提到“针对这种消费者需求的营销策略不仅阐明了产品中包含什么成分，而且还标明食品中不包含什么成分”，这与选项A的表述一致，故为正确答案。选项B提到的“营养价值”在文中没有提到，故排除。选项C提到的“提供详细信息”不是制造商的新营销策略，故排除。选项D是根据第二段第一句中的单词transparency设置的干扰项，原文是说消费者想要透明的信息，而不是制造商设计透明标签，故排除。

单选题 What point does the author make about non-GMO labels?

单选题 What does the author say absence claims labels will do to food manufacturers?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词absence claims labels和food manufacturers，答案线索可以定位到第五段。第五段第三句提到：“对食品制造商来说，这将意味着损害消费者的信任，削减每个人产生的销售额。”选项C是对该句的同义转述，故为正确答案。选项A在文中没有提到，很容易排除。选项B是根据第五段最后一句中的stigma设置的干扰项，原文是说“不舍某种成分声明”标签会给食品带来污名，而不是消除污名，选项B排除。选项D在文中也没有提到，故也排除。

单选题 What does the author suggest food manufactures do?

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词suggest food manufactures do，答案线索可以定位到最后一段。最后一段第一句提到：“很明显，食品制造商在使用‘不合某种成分声明’标签时必须谨慎。”选项B是对该句的同义转述，故为正确答案。选项A提到的“食品成本”和选项D提到的“提高效率”在文中都没有出现，故均排除。最后一段提到“不含某种成分声明”标签会让消费者觉得农业和食品加工方面的创新不受欢迎，但作者并未建议食品制造商欢迎食品加工领域的创新，故排除选项C。