问答题Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments
into Chinese. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}}
{{/U}}{{U}}Fathers exposed to poisonous substances are probably just as likely to be
the cause of defects in their unborn infants as mothers.{{/U}} Yet it is women who
are told to stop drinking and smoking and to look after their health when they
are pregnant. And it is women who find that they are banned from jobs where they
are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation. {{U}} {{U}} 2
{{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Despite a growing body of scientific evidence that a man's
exposure to damaging substances can affect his offspring, pregnant women are
still charged with the responsibility of keeping their infants healthy, said
Gladys Friedler, of the Boston University School of Medicine.{{/U}} "This is
puzzling", she said. "Most of the workforce is still male, so why do we still
spend so much time looking at women? The health of men as well as women should
be of concern." In the US, 2,500,000 children are born with
birth defects each year. In 60 percent of cases the origin of the defect is not
known. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}These figures do not
include less obvious problems that appear later in development, such as
biochemical malfunctions and behavioral problems.{{/U}} Many
researchers still seem reluctant to contemplate that a man's environment can
influence the health of children. "If the effects had not been so obvious, we
might still be reluctant to acknowledge the effect of environmental agents on
women." Despite this, there is a reluctance to accept the accumulated evidence
of men's effects on development, she said. {{U}} {{U}} 4
{{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Some companies have already taken steps to "protect the unborn
child" by excluding women from jobs where they might be exposed to dangerous
substances.{{/U}} This has led to some bitter disputes between the women and their
employers in the US. The most famous case, now before the Supreme Court, pits a
group of women and their union against Johnson Controls, a company which makes
batteries. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The company transferred
women from higher-paying jobs where they were exposed to lead on the, grounds
that it had to protect unborn children.{{/U}} The irony is that children born to
men working in the factory are probably just as much at risk.
【正确答案】和母亲一样，父亲如果接触了有毒物质，同样可能造成未出生婴儿的先天缺陷。
句子结构是简单句，exposed to poisonous substances是分词短语，做fathers的后置定语，翻译时应译成主动动宾结构，“父亲接触有毒物质”。
【正确答案】有些公司已采取措施不让妇女从事可能接触危险物质的工作，以便“保护未出生的孩子”。
句子结构是主从复合句。从some companies到jobs是主句，to protect the unborn child是目的状语，解释为什么要采取措施。by excluding...是介词短语，说明“如何来保护”。where后引导说明job的定语从句，即“什么样的工作岗位”。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】这家公司将妇女调离易受铅毒的高薪工作岗位，理由是公司必须保护未出生的孩子。
句子结构是主从复合句。where引导的是定语从句，说明job，主句谓语是transfer，transfer sb. from意为“把某人调离”。on the grounds是固定词组，意为“根据…”。这个句子应采用顺序翻译方法，只要把where引导的定语从句提前到所修饰的词前，作为定语，合译就行了。