单选题
One of the appealing features of game theory is the way it reflects so many aspects of real life. To win a game, or survive in the jungle, or succeed in business, you need to know how to play your cards. You have to know when to hold them and know when to fold. And usually you have to think fast. Winners excel at making smart snap judgments. In the jungle, you don't have time to calculate, using game theory or otherwise, the relative merits of fighting or fleeing, hiding or seeking. Animals know this. They constantly face many competing choices from a long list of possible behaviors, as neuroscientists Gregory Berns and Read Montague have observed. "Do I chase this new prey or do I continue nibbling on my last kill? Do I run from the possible predator that I see in the bushes or the one that I hear? Do I chase that potential mate or do I wait around for something better?" Presumably, animals don't deliberate such decisions consciously, at least not for very long. And even if animals could think complexly and had time to do so, there's no obvious way for them to compare all their needs for food, safety, and sex. Yet somehow animal brains add up all the factors and compute a course of action that enhances the odds of survival. And humans differ little from other animals in that regard. Brains have evolved a way to compare and choose among behaviors, apparently using some "common currency" for valuing one choice over others. In other words, not only do people have money on the brain, they have the neural equivalent of money operating within the brain. Just as money replaced the barter system—providing a common currency for comparing various goods and services—nerve cell circuitry evolved to translate diverse behavioral choices into the common currency of brain chemistry. When you think about it, it makes a lot of sense. But neuroscientists began to figure it all out only when they joined forces with economists inspired by game theory. Game theory, after all, was the key to quantifying the faint notion of economic utility.
单选题
People will likely succeed if they are good at ______. A. adopting new theories for their work B. identifying the details of a situation C. making quick and wise decisions D. handling interpersonal relationships
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题为细节题。第一段内容“…you have to think fast．”和“Winners excel at making smart snap judgments．”可知，通常你必须快速思考。赢家擅长快速作出明智的判断。由此可知，C选项符合题意。
单选题
In the jungle, there is usually little time to _____. A. recognize where a threat has come from B. compare the benefits of different actions C. weigh merits and demerits of game theory D. escape attacks from powerful predators
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推理能力。根据第一段最后一句“In the jungle，you don't have time to calculate，using game theory or otherwise，the relative merits of fighting or fleeing，hiding or seeking．”可知，没有时间使用博弈论或别的方法估算搏斗或逃跑的相对好处，以及藏匿或搜索的相对好处。由此可知，B选项符合题意。
单选题
According to the passage, in the jungle, animals may face the question of whether to ______. A. join others to flee for safety B. continue to stay where they are C. hunt for food outside the bushes D. abandon what they have caught
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推断能力。第二段“Do I chase this new prey or do I continue nibbling on my last kill? Do I run from the possible predator that I see in the bushes or the one that I hear? Do I chase that potential mate or do I wait around for something better?”“我是追赶新猎物还是继续啃上次抓到的猎物?我应该逃离在灌木中看到的或者听到的可能的捕食者吗?我应该追求眼前的异性还是应该等待更好的?”由此可知，D选项符合题意。
单选题
A similarity between humans and animals is that both can ______. A. seriously examine present perils B. carefully choose their life partners C. immediately decide how to survive D. consciously prepare for emergencies
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题是细节题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“Yet somehow animal brains add up all the factors and compute a course of action that enhances the odds of survival．And humans differ little from other animals in that regard．”可知，聪明的动物总是会合计所有的因素，并估计出能提高生存机会的行动过程。在这方面人类与其他动物没有太大区别。由此可知，C选项符合题意。
单选题
The last paragraph suggests that game theory ______. A. is useful in clarifying economic utility B. was developed from human activities C. was initiated by some neuroscientists D. is hard for the public to understand
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推断能力。根据最后一段最后一句“Game theory，after all，was the key to quantifying the faint notion of economic utility．”可知，归根结底，博弈论是对经济效用的模糊概念进行量化的关键。由此可知，A选项符合题意。
单选题
The primary purpose of the passage is to ______. A. justify the application of game theory B. illustrate the concept of game theory C. trace game theory back to its origin D. compare different views on game theory