单选题 Passage Five
Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first suggested that three types of cone in the retina respond to stimulus from red, green and blue light, or a mixture of these three basic colors. This concept of "additive" color has been retained with modifications made, as new discoveries of the eye's functions have been uncovered. Today, the most popular theory is that there are color opponent cells in the eye that work to excite response to one basic color and inhibit another, while achromatic cells respond to whiteness or darkness. The interactions between these cells produce the huge range of colors that we see.
When it comes to naming these colors, however, an entirely different process takes over language. At one stage it was believed that language defined how one viewed the world, by restricting perceptions to terms available within each language. Thus the Dani people of New Guinea were thought to see everything literally in black and white, as these were the only color terms within their language.
Experiments over a wide range of colors, however, showed that there were 11 basic color terms. In English these colors are black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, brown, purple, pink, gray, and orange. In any culture with less than these 11 basic terms, such as the Dani, the choice of basic names will follow the order above. What was striking about the study was that the Dani were able to perceive color variations as ably as anyone from a culture with the full number of basic color terms. This led researchers to the unsurprising conclusion that although languages differ, perceptions remain identical.

单选题 What is the best title for this passage?
A. Origins of Color among Primitive Peoples.
B. The Myriad Colors of the Living World.
C. The Perception of and Language for Color.
D. Linguistic Causes of Color-blindness.

单选题 What aspect of Thomas Young's idea about color vision remains a part of today's theory?
A. That there are three basic colors in vision.
B. That color vision is culture based.
C. That color vision results from combining basic colors.
D. That there are three cones in the retina.

单选题 How many different kinds of cells are there thought to be in today's theory of color vision?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

单选题 Why did researchers at one time think the Dani could see only two colors?
A. Because they believed that language defined one's world view.
B. Because they believed that the Dani were a primitive culture.
C. Because the Dani only drew black and white pictures.
D. Because the Dane's view of the world determined their language.

单选题 If a culture had only four colors in its language, what would they be?
A. Red, blue, yellow, and white.
B. Black, white, gray, and red.
C. Black, white, green, and brown.
D. Black, white, red, and yellow.

单选题 What led researchers to reject the theory that language restricts perception?
A. They discovered that all cultures have 11 basic colors.
B. They learned more about the physical structure of the eye.
C. They discovered that people with few color terms could see as well as people with many color terms.
D. They discovered that people with fewer color terms could actually see fewer colors.