单选题 Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of pre-industrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside.- migrating to the New World was simply a "natural spillover". Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English they would rather have stayed home--by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in American history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.
Bailyn's third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were driving forces of transatlantic migration, These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to pre-industrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited: by the 1730's, however, American employers demanded skilled workers.
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of the Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they gave up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.

单选题 The author is primarily concerned with
[A] comparing several current interpretations of early American history.
[B] providing the theoretical framework that is used by most historians in understanding early American history.
[C] refuting an argument about early American history that has been proposed by social historians.
[D] discussing a reinterpretation of early American history that is based on new social research on migration.

单选题 It can be inferred from the text that American history textbooks used to assert that
[A] many migrants to colonial North America were nor successful financially.
[B] New England communities were much alike in terms of their economics and demographics.
[C] many migrants to colonial North America failed to maintain ties with their European relations.
[D] the level of literacy in New England communities was very high.

单选题 According to the text, which of the following is true of English migrants to the colonies during the 18th century?
[A] Most of them were farmers rather than trades people or artisans.
[B] Most of them came because they were unable to find work in England.
[C] They expected that the colonies would offer them increased opportunities.
[D] They differed from other English people in that they were willing to travel.

单选题 Which of the following best summarizes the author's evaluation of Bailyn's fourth proposition?
[A] It is totally implausible.
[B] It is partially correct.
[C] It is highly admirable.
[D] It is controversial though persuasive.

单选题 What does the author think of Bailyn's work?
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effect of Puritan thought on North American culture.
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.
[C] Bailyn's description of colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading.
[D] Bailyn failed to test his proposition on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.