单选题 PassageThree Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage Americanstodaydon‘tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation-nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren‘tdifficulttofind. Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,‖sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.―Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.‖Ravitch‘slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits. Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,―Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.‖ Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,‖writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehasdrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook. RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:―Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.‖MarkTwain‘sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized-goingtoschoolandlearningtoread---sohecanpreservehisinmategoodness. Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines. Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry‘seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho―joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.‖
单选题 WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?
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单选题 WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof_____.
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单选题 TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare_____.
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单选题 Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably_____.
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单选题 Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?
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