问答题
Seven years ago Beijing"s government set a target of making the city a "livable" one by 2020, with "fresh air and a beautiful environment". Few praise its progress. Complaints abound about its congestion, pollution, desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing. Even in the state-controlled media, suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital.
Beijing has been China"s capital for most of the past 600 years. Since the Communist victory in 1949, the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China"s power, the party"s might and their country"s glorious history. To propose a move strikes many as heretical. In recent years, however, some have broken ranks. In 2000 even China"s then Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji, joined the sceptics. The capital, he declared, might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.
Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities. But other problems have grown. Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word "shoudu", meaning capital, in a different tone so that it sounds like "the most congested". For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city. The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade. The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested, in newspapers as well as online, that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.
Beijing"s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded. Their privileges, common to all those registered as Beijing citizens (i. e. not migrants from other provinces), include readier access than most other Chinese have to some of the country"s best educational and medical facilities. Some local officials in places favored by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits. But given the allure of Beijing"s amenities, it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】7年前,北京政府曾定下目标,要在2020年之前将北京建设成“空气清新、环境优美”的“宜居城市”。至今这方面鲜有进展。相反,对于北京拥挤的交通、严重的污染、极度的缺水和比天高的房价,人们却是怨声载道。现在即使是国家控制的媒体也开始提出迁都的建议。
北京在过去600年的大部分时间里一直是中国的首都。自从1949年共产党胜利,中国人一直受到了某种引导,把北京尊为中国国力、党威和光辉历史的象征。对很多人来说,迁都这种提议简直就是异端。然而最近几年,终于有人发出了不同的声音。2000年,中国当时的总理朱镕基也加入了“异端”队伍。他指出,如果沙尘暴问题不能得以妥善处理,迁都只是时间问题。
从那时起,对这些简直能使肺部堵塞的灾害的治理开始初见成效。但与此同时,其他问题也在滋长。受够了交通大堵塞的北京人有时在说“首都”时,会故意换个调子说成“首堵”,讽刺北京是堵塞最严重的城市。一年里多数时候,北京城都为一层灰蒙蒙的污染物所笼罩。过去十年里,北京的新生儿出生缺陷率增加了一倍。环境问题无疑是一个重要的影响因素。报纸和网上已经有好几位学者提议,要解决这些问题及很多其他问题,最好的办法就是迁都。
尽管如此,北京的官僚们还是不太可能被说动。他们和所有拥有北京户口的居民(即非外省进京务工人员)一样,享有各种特权,包括比其他地区的居民优先享有中国最好的教育和医疗设施。一些被学者们提名为候选新都地址的城市已经开始为自己做起了广告。
但北京的优越条件仍然具有无与伦比的吸引力,难怪中央政府对迁都的提议至今缄口不谈。
[解析] Seven years ago Beijing"s government set a target of making the city a "livable" one by 2020. with "fresh air and a beautiful environment".
这句话的中心信息是北京政府制定目标将北京建设成为“宜居城市”。句中with引导部分修饰“宜居城市”,为后置定语,翻译为中文时长度适中,因此遵循中文表达习惯,将这部分修饰语提至被修饰部分前,译为“空气清新,环境优美”的“宜居城市”。
7年前,北京政府曾定下目标,要在2020年之前将北京建设成“空气清新、环境优美”的“宜居城市”。
Few praise its progress.
从字面理解,这句话的意思是“几乎没有人赞扬这方面所取得的进展”,但这样表达会出现悖论,即:如果有了进展,为什么会没有人赞扬呢?这时就需要我们深入了解这句话想要表达的实际意义。之所以没有人称赞,原因在于:事实上这方面几乎没有出现什么进展。因此翻译时切忌拘泥于字面含义,要发散思维,挖掘字面下的真实含义。
至今这方面鲜有进展。
Complaints abound about its congestion, pollution, desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing.
这句话中的“缺水”和“房价”前都有相应的修饰词,翻译时为前边的“堵塞”和“污染”加上修饰语,可以使译文内容更为统一,表达更加形象。其次,“complaints abound怨声载道”这样的表达非常地道,在翻译的过程中要注意积累。
相反,对于北京拥挤的交通、严重的污染、极度的缺水和比天高的房价,人们却是怨声载道。
In recent years, however, some have broken ranks.
break ranks在词典中的意思为“溃散,掉队,解散队伍”。由于之前提出“迁都”建议的人都被视为“异端”,因此大部分的人意见较为一致,可以视为“一队”。但是最近几年,这些人脱离了原来的队伍,其实也就是“观点发生了改变,提出不同的意见,发出了不同的声音”的意思。
然而最近几年,终于有人发出了不同的声音。
Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word "shoudu", meaning capital, in a different tone so that it sounds like "the most congested".
“首堵”一词最初源于媒体描述北京首都多年来愈演愈烈的交通拥堵困局,是一个被强行捏合的生涩辞藻。之后被国内学者引申为经济学现象专用名词。中英文表达中都有这样使用“音近”或“形近”词表达特殊含义的情况,往往成为翻译的难点。这里的英文原句使用汉语拼音加解释说明的方法将“首堵”这个表达向读者介绍明白,是我们进行汉英翻译时需要借鉴和采用的手段。
受够了交通大堵塞的北京人有时在说“首都”时,会故意换个调子说成“首堵”,讽刺北京是堵塞最严重的城市。
Their privileges, common to all those registered as Beijing citizens (i. e. not migrants from other provinces), include readier access than most other Chinese have to some of the country"s best educational and medical facilities.
all those registered as Beijing citizens字对字地翻译为“注册为北京市民的人”,其实就是“拥有北京户口的居民”。“户口”在英文中并无对应词,所以使用汉语拼音“hukou”作为外来词处理,同样也可以像英文原文那样进行解释性的翻译。考生在平时进行翻译练习的过程中,要学会进行反向学习,也就是根据译文反向学习原文中源语言的地道表达和说法,会取得事半功倍的学习效果。
他们和所有拥有北京户口的居民(即非外省进京务工人员)一样,享有各种特权,包括比其他地区的居民优先享有中国最好的教育和医疗设施。
Some local officials in places favored by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits.
“proclaim one"s merits”字面意思为“宣告某人的优点”,在这里表示“这些地方官员是为了抢夺成为未来首都的名额而为自己做宣传做广告”的意思。
一些被学者们提名为候选新都地址的城市已经开始为自己做起了广告。