单选题
Music
Proponents of different Jazz styles have always argued that their predecessors" musical style did not include essential characteristics that define jazz as jazz. Thus, 1940"s swing was belittled by beboppers of the 1950"s, who were themselves attacked by free jazzers of the 1960"s, the neoboppers of the 1980"s and 1990"s attacked almost everybody else. The titanic figure of black saxophonist John Coltrane has complicated the arguments made by proponents of style from bebop through neobop because in this own musical journey he drew from all those styles. His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable. At the height of his popularity, Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop, the style that had brought him fame, to explore the outer reaches of jazz—the one constant in his journey from bebop to practicing scales from theory books—was never able to jettison completely the influence of bebop, with its fast and elaborate chains of notes and ornaments on melody.
Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played the tenor saxophone: he favored playing fast runs of notes built on a melody and depended on heavy, regularly accented beats. The first led Coltrane to "sheets of sound", where he raced faster and faster, pile-deriving notes into each other to suggest stacked harmonies. The second meant that this sense of rhythm was almost as close to rock as to bebop.
Three recording illustrate Coltrane"s energizing explorations. Recording
Kind of Blue
with Miles Davis, Coltrane found himself outside bop, exploring modal melodies. Here he played surging, lengthy solos built largely around repeated motifs—an organizing principle unlike that of free jazz saxophone player Ornette Coleman, who modulated or altered melodies in his solos.
On Giant Steps
, Coltrane debuted as leader, introducing his own compositions. Here the sheets of sound, downbeat accents, repetitions, and great speed are part of each solo, and the variety of the shapes of his phrases is unique. Coltrane"s searching explorations produced solid achievement.
My Favorite Things
was another kind of watershed. Here Coltrane played the soprano saxophone, an instrument seldom used by jazz musicians. Musically, the results were astounding. With the soprano"s piping sound, ideas that had sounded dark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy.
When Coltrane began recording for the impulse Label he was still searching. His music became raucous, physical. His influence on rockers was enormous, including Jimi Hendrix, the rock guitarist, who, following Coltrane, raised the extended guitar solo using repeated motifs to a kind of rock art form.