【正确答案】正确答案：Orientational metaphor gives a concept a spatial orientation. They are characterized not so much by structuring one concept in terms of another, but a co-occurrence in our experience. The orientational metaphors are grounded in an experiential basis, which link together the two parts of the metaphor. For example, More is up. This metaphor is grounded in the co-occurrence of two different kinds of experiences adding more of a substance and perceiving the level of the substance rise.(5 points) Orientational metaphors are based on human physical and cultural experience. For example, in some cultures the future is in front of us, whereas in others it is in back of us. The following examples can show how each metaphorical concept might have arisen from human physical and cultural experience; Happy is up; sad is down. E. g. I"m feeling up. That boosted my spirits. I"m feeling down. He"s really low these days. From the four sentences above, it is obvious that drooping posture typically goes along with sadness and depression, and erect posture with a positive state. Therefore, we can say that orientational metaphors are based on human physical and cultural experience.(5 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查方位隐喻。方位隐喻给概念一个空间方位，不是以另一个概念构建一个概念为特征，而是以不断发生的经验为特点。方位隐喻基于人类身体和文化的经验。例如在一些文化中，未来在我们的前面，而在另一些文化中，未来在我们的后面。在句子I"m feeling up． That boosted my spirits．I"m feeling down．及He"s really low these days．中，单词up，boost，down，low都可以表明低垂的姿势与悲伤沮丧的情绪相联系，直立的姿势与积极向上的状态有关。