填空题
2. Carnivorous Plant Traps
Most plants obtain nourishment through photosynthesis, but some species actually consume other living things for sustenance. The majority of these plants grow in regions with rocky terrain or bogs, where the soil lacks nutrients, so they utilize a couple of methods to catch their prey, which are primarily insects and small vertebrates. The two hunting methods these carnivorous plants use are active traps and passive traps.
An active carnivorous plant trap involves some type of movement by the plant when capturing prey. The best-known plant with this kind of trap is the Venus flytrap, which has clamshell-like leaves that snap closed on animals landing on them. The plant has tiny glands that produce nectar on the open faces of its leaves and therefore attract animals. The leaves have small surface hairs that act as trigger mechanisms, so when an animal sucking the nectar touches them more than once in a short period of time, the trap swiftly shuts, capturing the animal. The leaf next releases enzymes that slowly digest the creature over a period of three to five days. The waterwheel plant is another carnivorous plant that catches animals in a similar manner. Its trap, however, is smaller than that of the Venus flytrap and exclusively captures underwater invertebrates.
Most carnivorous plants use passive traps, so no movement is required to capture their prey. The flypaper trap, utilized by sundews and butterworts, is one such passive trap. A leaf or tentacle-like protrusion has a sticky substance—called mucilage—on it, and it acts like sweet nectar to attract prey that subsequently gets stuck in the mucilage of the flypaper trap. Other passive carnivorous plants include the various species of pitcher plants, each of which has a deep hollow resembling a water pitcher. Toxic nectar attracts prey to the plant's rim, where the creatures, after consuming the nectar, become disoriented and fall into the hollow of the plant. Downward-pointing, stiff bristle-like hairs prevent them from crawling back up, and they are consequently slowly digested inside the plant.
*vertebrate: an animal that has a backbone
*mucilage: a liquid gummy secretion of a plant
Select the appropriate statements from the answer choices and match them to the carnivorous plant trap to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used.
Most plants obtain nourishment through photosynthesis, but some species actually consume other living things for sustenance. The majority of these plants grow in regions with rocky terrain or bogs, where the soil lacks nutrients, so they utilize a couple of methods to catch their prey, which are primarily insects and small vertebrates. The two hunting methods these carnivorous plants use are active traps and passive traps.
An active carnivorous plant trap involves some type of movement by the plant when capturing prey. The best-known plant with this kind of trap is the Venus flytrap, which has clamshell-like leaves that snap closed on animals landing on them. The plant has tiny glands that produce nectar on the open faces of its leaves and therefore attract animals. The leaves have small surface hairs that act as trigger mechanisms, so when an animal sucking the nectar touches them more than once in a short period of time, the trap swiftly shuts, capturing the animal. The leaf next releases enzymes that slowly digest the creature over a period of three to five days. The waterwheel plant is another carnivorous plant that catches animals in a similar manner. Its trap, however, is smaller than that of the Venus flytrap and exclusively captures underwater invertebrates.
Most carnivorous plants use passive traps, so no movement is required to capture their prey. The flypaper trap, utilized by sundews and butterworts, is one such passive trap. A leaf or tentacle-like protrusion has a sticky substance—called mucilage—on it, and it acts like sweet nectar to attract prey that subsequently gets stuck in the mucilage of the flypaper trap. Other passive carnivorous plants include the various species of pitcher plants, each of which has a deep hollow resembling a water pitcher. Toxic nectar attracts prey to the plant's rim, where the creatures, after consuming the nectar, become disoriented and fall into the hollow of the plant. Downward-pointing, stiff bristle-like hairs prevent them from crawling back up, and they are consequently slowly digested inside the plant.
*vertebrate: an animal that has a backbone
*mucilage: a liquid gummy secretion of a plant
Select the appropriate statements from the answer choices and match them to the carnivorous plant trap to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used.
- 1、
【正确答案】
1、Active Trap: ①, ④, ⑤
Passive Trap: ②, ⑦
Passive Trap: ②, ⑦
【答案解析】 About active traps, it is noted, "An active carnivorous plant trap involves some type of movement by the plant when capturing prey," (①) and, "The waterwheel plant is another carnivorous plant that catches animals in a similar manner." (④) The author also points out, "The leaves have small surface hairs that act as trigger mechanisms, so when an animal sucking the nectar touches them more than once in a short period of time, the trap swiftly shuts, capturing the animal." (⑤)
Regarding passive traps, the author writes, "The flypaper trap, utilized by sundews and butterworts, is one such passive trap," and "Other passive carnivorous plants include the varians species of pitcher plants." (②) and, "Toxic nectar attracts prey to the plant's rim, where the creatures, after consuming the nectar, become disoriented and fall into the hollow of the plant." (⑦)
Regarding passive traps, the author writes, "The flypaper trap, utilized by sundews and butterworts, is one such passive trap," and "Other passive carnivorous plants include the varians species of pitcher plants." (②) and, "Toxic nectar attracts prey to the plant's rim, where the creatures, after consuming the nectar, become disoriented and fall into the hollow of the plant." (⑦)