问答题
In most public schools today, teachers are simply rated "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory," and evaluations consist of having the principal observe a class for a few minutes a couple of times each year.
Many districts and states are trying to move toward better personnel systems for evaluation and improvement. Unfortunately, some education advocates in New York, Los Angeles and other cities are claiming that a good personnel system can be based on ranking teachers according to their "value-added rating"—a measurement of their impact on students" test scores—and publicizing the names and rankings online and in the media.
I am a strong supporter of measuring teachers" effectiveness, and my foundation works with many schools to help make sure that such evaluations improve the overall quality of teaching. But publicly ranking teachers by name will not help them get better at their jobs or improve student learning. On the contrary, it will make it a lot harder to implement teacher evaluation systems that work.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】如今在大部分公立学校中，教师的评级简单分为“满意”和“不满意”，评估由校长每年到课堂旁听几次完成。
许多地区和州试图改用更好的人事制度来进行评估和改进。不幸的是，来自纽约、洛杉矶及其他城市的一些教育拥护者声称，良好的人事制度应当基于教师的“增值打分”排名。“增值打分”是指衡量教师对学生考试分数的影响力，并将教师的姓名和排名公诸网络和媒体。
我是教师效能测评的强烈支持者，而且我在许多学校开展的基础工作有力地证明了此类评估有助于改善整体教学质量。但是对教师公开指名地排出优劣对帮助他们改进工作或学生学习进步毫无裨益。另一方面，这将大幅增加实施可行的教师评估系统的难度。
In most public schools today, teachers are simply rated "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory," and evaluations consist of having the principal observe a class for a few minutes a couple of times each year.
本句是由and连接的并列句，前一个分句是teachers are simply rated "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory"；后一个分句是evaluations consist of...。consist of后面的宾语由动名词having the principal observe a class...充当。
rate这个动词的意思表示“评级”，相当于grade；在翻译having the principal observe a class...这个动名词短语时应译为“由校长观察课堂……”。
如今在大部分公立学校中，教师的评级简单分为“满意”和“不满意”，评估由校长每年到课堂旁听几次完成。
Unfortunately, some education advocates in New York, Los Angeles and other cities are claiming that a good personnel system can be based on ranking teachers according to their "value-added rating"—a measurement of their impact on students" test scores—and publicizing the names and rankings online and in the media.
句子主干是some education advocates...are claiming...。claim的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的主干部分是a good personnel system can be based on ranking...and publicizing...。中间由破折号隔开的内容a measurement of their impact on students" test scores做“value-added rating”的同位语，对这个概念进行解释说明，这类同位语需要翻译为单独的一句话。
要注意advocate在这里并非动词，而是名词，意思是“拥护者”。“value-added rating”可根据字面意思翻译为“增值打分”，破折号后面对这个概念的解释非常关键，a measurement of their impact on students" test scores意思是“老师对学生考试分数影响力的衡量”。
不幸的是，来自纽约、洛杉矶及其他城市的一些教育拥护者声称，良好的人事制度应当基于教师的“增值打分”排名(“增值打分”是教师对学生考试分数影响力的衡量指标)，并应该将教师的姓名和排名公诸网络和媒体。
I am a strong supporter of measuring teachers" effectiveness, and my foundation works with many schools to help make sure that such evaluations improve the overall quality of teaching.
I am a strong supporter of measuring teachers" effectiveness，可翻译为“我强烈支持对教师的效能展开评估”或者“我是教师效能测评的强烈支持者”。effectiveness原意为“效力，有效性”，在这里指教师工作的效能。foundation works指的是“基础工作”。
我是教师效能测评的强烈支持者，而且我在许多学校开展的基础工作有力地证明了此类评估有助于改善整体教学质量。