单选题
Intellectual Revolution

Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. Scraps of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless 1 on God"s earth. What we should 2 at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start 3 , and their culture will lead them as 4 as philosophy and as high as art. We have to remember that the valuable 5 development is self-development, and that it 6 takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.
In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call "inert ideas"-that is to say, ideas that are merely 7 into the mind without being utilized, or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most 8 phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a 9 generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. Except at 10 intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically 11 with inert ideas. That is the reason why 12 clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible 13 of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity 14 greatness has been a 15 protest against inert ideas.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] infect“传染;感染”。根据原文意思:“在过去,教育基本上是受内心思想感染的。”而且作者在这里表达的是一种消极的态度,所以选择“infect”。而influence多指对某人的思想、行为、性格等产生的潜移默化的、使之逐渐改变的“影响”,instruct正式用词,强调系统、详细、精心地“传授”专门化的知识,endow with“给予,赋予,认为……具有某种特质”,均不符合原文意思。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] uneducate“未受教育的;无知识的”。根据上下文,uneducate与上文提到的education“教育”和training“训练,培训,锻炼”形成对比。而unrefine“未精制的,未提炼的”,unintend“出乎意料的”,unrestrain“无拘束的”均不形成对比,不符合题意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] burden“担子;负担;重担;责任”。根据文章一致性原则,burden与are overladen with“负担过重的;负担过多的”构成呼应。而load装载(量),负荷(量);(一)担,(一)车;原义指车、船、飞机、人或动物的负荷物,引申义指工作或精神上的‘负担’,未必很繁重”,gap“间隙,缺口”,span“跨度,跨距”均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] stir into“把……搅拌进”。本题考查词组搭配。根据原文意思:“每一个智力的改革都曾经把人性推崇到伟大上去了。”而选项off, on, with均无此搭配,不符合题意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] passionate“热情的,感情强烈的”。passionate表达的是一种心理状态。而violent“猛烈的,激烈的,暴力引起的,强暴的”,exempt“被免除(义务、责任等)的,被豁免的”,idealistic“理想主义的,不切实际的,唯心论的”均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] bore“讨厌的人,麻烦事”。根据原文,bore与上文提到的humane“仁爱的,人道的”形成对比。而选项irony“反语,讽刺”,snob“势利的人,自命不凡者”,gut“肠,胃,消化道,狭道,隘路”均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] aim at doing“目的在于;旨在”。本题考查词组搭配。根据原文第一句“Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling”形成一种呼应,进一步论证学习文化的目的。而选项point at/ to“指向,表明”,clutch“抓住,攫住,掌握”,clutch at“企图抓住”;snap out of“迅速从……中恢复过来”;snap up“抢购,抢先弄到手”均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] from“从……”。根据原文,“start from”与“ground”形成搭配,即“他们熟练的知识提供给了他们一个开始的基础”,所以选择“from”。而选项“with”,“into”,“beyond”均不符合原文意思。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章第一句中的thought“思想”和原文意思“他们的文化将引导他们(的思想)犹如哲学一样的深刻”,所以选择“deep”。而选项linear“线的,直线的”,militant“好战的,态度强硬的”,odd“奇怪的,古怪的”均不符合原文意思。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] “intellectual“智力的”。根据文章的一致性,intellectual与thought“思想”和philosophy“哲学”形成呼应。而选项rational“理智的,合理的,有理性的”,physiological“生理(上)的”,divine“神圣的,非凡的”均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] mostly“大部分;主要地”。根据本句中的“between the age of sixteen and thirty”以及第三段的“in middle life so much the most...”,可见这种情况“大多数”发生在16岁到30岁之间。而random“随便地,任意地”,seldom“很少,不常”,regularly“定期地,有规则地”均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] receive“接收;接受”。根据文章一致性原则,receive与上文提到的receptiveness“接受”一致。而选项contain“含有,容纳”,squeeze“压榨,虐待,压迫”,embed“埋入,嵌于,插入”均不形成一致性,不符合题意。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] striking“惊人的;震惊的”。本题考查词义辨析。根据下文的论述内容可知,这是一种“惊人的”phenomenon,所以选择“striking”。而integral“完整的,整体的”,classical“古典的,经典的”,obscure“偏僻的,阴暗的”均不符合原文意思。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] succeeding“后继的;随后的”。根据文章一致性原则,“succeeding generation”与上文提到的“at one epoch”形成呼应。而preceding“优先的,在先的,先前的”,accompanying“随同的”,emerging“出现的;显露的”均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] rare“少有”。根据上下文意思:“原因是他们的内心思想负担太多了。除了在少有的智力动机的间缝里,……”所以选择“rare”。而minor“次要的,较小的”,scarce“缺乏的,不足的”,regular“定期的;有规律的;常规的”均不符合原文意思。