复合题

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and circle the corresponding letter. 

Passage Four

Before the 1850s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students. Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of respectable colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by heart were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research. 

At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric（修辞学） ,and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close attention to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime（学校体制） . Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturists, social welfare workers, and teachers. 

单选题 What do you know about American University before the 1850’s?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据第一段第二句中“They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students”可推知， 早年的美国大学对学生的道德水准有很高要求。 因此B选项正确。
单选题 Americans went to German to receive higher education in 1800s because _____.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】定位到第二段第一句， 根据前一句中“Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed,bearing the ancient name of university”， 可推知当时有名的大学都在欧洲， 美国的大学并没有很强的实力， 因此A选项正确。
单选题 What can be said of the Germany universities?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】由第二段最后一句“With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question,analyze, and conduct their own research”可推知， 德国的教育方式更注重让学生参与其中， 而不是一味接受教师的指导。 因此C选项正确。
单选题 What can we infer from the passage?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据文章第二段末句“With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question,analyze, and conduct their own research”可推断， 研究生阶段学生需要独立做调查研究， 因此A选项正确。
单选题 What would be the best title for the text?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】结合文章全文内容， 文章首先介绍了过去美国大学的教学特点和理念， 然后讲述了美国学生前往德国求学后带回先进教学方式和理念， 在美国重塑大学的教学方式的过程， 由此可推知， 美国大学的发展史是本文的主题， 故A选项贴合题意。