单选题The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.
单选题His opponent having sprained his wrist, Andrew could have won by exploiting this weakness, but he chose not to do it. A. His opponent having sprained his wrist, Andrew could have won by exploiting this weakness, but he chose not to do it. B. Andrew could have won by exploiting this weakness after his opponent sprained his wrist, but he chose not to do so. C. Choosing not to do so, Andrew could have won after his opponent sprained his wrist by exploiting this weakness. D. After his opponent sprained his wrist, Andrew could have won by exploiting this weakness, but he chose not to do so. E. After his opponent sprained his wrist, Andrew could have, but chose not to do it, won by exploiting this weakness.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】The problem with A is that it is unclear what the "it" at the end applies to: winning or exploiting the weakness. E has the same problem. The statements in B and C are presented in an illogical order, so it is more difficult to understand the meaning of the sentence. Of the choices, D is the clearest and conforms best to standards of written English.
单选题Since the average test score of students enrolled in charter schools were rising 7.5 percent in the spring, many educators concluded that the system was working. A. Since the average test score of students enrolled in charter schools were rising 7.5 percent in the spring, many educators concluded B. As the average test score of students enrolled in charter schools rose 7.5 percent in the spring, with many educators concluding C. Because the average test score of students enrolled in charter schools rose 7.5 percent in the spring, many educators concluded D. Because the average test score of students enrolled in charter schools were up 7.5 percent in the spring, many educators concluded E. With average test scores rising by 7.5 percent among students enrolled in charter schools, and many educators concluded
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】"Score" is a single noun, so the statements "score... were rising" in A and "score... were up" in D suffer from noun-verb agreement errors. The constructions "as with" in B and "with..., and" in E do not convey the causal relationship between the first and second clauses of the sentence that the statements imply, so these choices are inferior to C, which is grammatically and stylistically acceptable.
单选题
The police chief argued that first-time offenders who have no high school diploma but who have families with a record of crime probably break the law again. A. who have no high school diploma but who have families with a record of crime B. without a high school diploma and families having a criminal record C. without a high school diploma whose families have a record of crime D. whose families have criminal records and lacking high school diplomas E. lacking high school diplomas and also having families having criminal records
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】C is the clearest and most concise choice. A is less concise, and it is unclear why "but" is used here; B implies that the offenders lack both diplomas and families; D implies that the families lack diplomas; and E is awkwardly worded.
单选题
Like the power-generating apparatus of a conventional car, that of a hybrid car depends on a combustible fuel to generate power. A. that of a hybrid car depends on B. hybrid cars depend on C. hybrid cars' power-generating apparati are dependent on D. that of a hybrid cars' is dependent on E. that of hybrid cars depend on
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】A is grammatically and stylistically correct, and is superior to any of the alternatives.
单选题Since red flags are likely to be raised at the IRS by the reporting of gambling income, business owners who declare their income as business revenue is less likely to receive an audit. A. Since red flags are likely to be raised at the IRS by the reporting of gambling income, business owners who declare their income as business revenue is less likely to receive an audit. B. Because the reporting of gambling income is likely to raise red flags at the IRS, business owners can reduce their chances of receiving an audit by declaring that income as business revenue. C. Business owners can reduce their chances of receiving an audit by declaring the income as business revenue, since the reporting of gambling income is likely to raise red flags at the IRS. D. Their chances of receiving an audit are reduced by business owners who report that income as business revenue, because the reporting of gambling income is likely to raise red flags at the IRS. E. The reporting of that income as business revenue can reduce the chances of business owners of receiving an audit, because of the red flags not having been raised at the IRS by the reporting of gambling income.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】A is incorrect because it makes an error of number--"business owners.., is less likely." C, D, and E are all confusing because they do not specify what kind of income (gambling income) they are referring to until late in the sentence. B is grammatically correct and presents the information in the most logical order.