翻译题
"Where's Georgie?" It wasn't the first time that question was heard inside our home. During the summer, pockets of time where our 4-year old had disappeared somewhere inside our old bed and breakfast had become commonplace. That next question: have you seen my phone? 【F1】As parents who had adopted a parenting philosophy that emphasized flexibility and freedom as pathways to growth, our first tendency was to let Georgie go. But shortly before her fifth birthday we had noticed that something was different with Georgie. It wasn't just the hours lost to the screen in the corner of her bedroom. Her interests had begun to change, too. The sun was out, but suddenly Georgie was less inclined to play on the swings. Like the rest of our children, Georgie loved scary stories. But now instead of begging for me to tell a "scary," she now preferred the comfort of her handheld digital counterpart. 【F2】Speaking with other parents, we've since discovered that our story of the slippery slope of child-screen addiction has become alarmingly commonplace. The statistics tell an even scarier tale. Children aged 5 to 16 spend an average of six and a half hours a day in front of a screen, compared with around three hours in 1995. Dr. Andrew Doan, the head of addiction research for the Pentagon and the U.S. Navy calls video games and screen technologies "digital drugs." Many of these technologies are so stimulating that it raises the dopamine (多巴胺) levels—the feel-good neurotransmitter (神经传递素) most commonly linked to addiction. 【F3】It shows that long amounts of time focused on a screen can affect the brain's frontal cortex (额皮质) in exactly the same way that cocaine does, according to research. Depression, anxiety and aggression have all been linked to excessive screen time, and can even spur psychotic-like features. 【F4】Further research shows that as more kids use digital media, their social skills erode, as the more time a child spends dedicated to cyber-reality the more they lose their ability to interpret real-life emotions. However, there is another, less intrusive fix: unplugging. A short time away from screens worked wonders for Georgie. After we took the phone away from her, a short period of agitation followed that could best be described as withdrawal. 【F5】But a few short days later she was back to playing outside with her baby sister, coloring, and in general being the energetic fun-loving kid we had feared had been lost.
【答案解析】①本句是主从复合句，包含两个定语从句。②此句的主干结构位于句末，是主系表结构，as引导的介词短语为状语成分，表明作者的身份；其中包含两个定语从句，who引导的定语从句1修饰先行词parents，说明“我们”是有自己的教育哲学的家长；that引导的定语从句2修饰先行词parenting philosophy，说明这个教育哲学具体是什么。③as pathways to growth为方式状语。
【答案解析】①本句为主谓宾结构，由一个从句充当其宾语。②句首的现在分词结构作伴随状语，相当于“when we speak with…”。③宾语从句的主语是含有of结构的短语，our story的对象为作者与other parents；of the slippery slope为后置定语修饰our story，说明是“我们”糟糕的情况；of child-screen addiction为后置定语修饰the slippery slope，说明这个糟糕的情况是孩子对手机成瘾。
问答题13.【F3】
【正确答案】研究表明，长时间专注于电子屏幕会影响大脑额皮质，这与可卡因对其产生的作用一致。
【答案解析】①本句为主谓宾结构，包含一个从句充当句子的宾语。②focused on a screen为过去分词短语作后置定语，说明大量的时间是花费在电子屏幕上的；in exactly…does为方式状语，way之后是that引导的定语从句对其进行修饰：according to research为插入话。
【答案解析】①本句为主谓宾结构，that引导的从句充当句子宾语，从句是包含两个分句的并列复合句。②宾语从句中，第一个as引导原因状语从句，意为“由于……”。③第二个分句为the more…the more…结构，意为“越……越……”：dedicated to cyber-reality短语为后置定语修饰time，说明这是花费在网络世界上的时间，cyber-reality指“网络世界”；句末的to不定式短语为后置定语修饰ability，解释说明是阐释现实生活情感方面的能力。
【答案解析】①本句为并列复合句，包含一个定语从句。②主句中a few short days later为时间状语成分；be back to…意为“又回到……”。③and in general可视作插入语，意为“总之”；being…lost前面省略了to；kid之后的we had feared修饰kid，省略了引导词who／whom。从句的谓语为过去完成时态，谓语之后为省略了引导词和主语that的宾语从句。