阅读理解 Global warming caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases is having clear effects in the physical world: more heat waves, heavier rainstorms and higher sea levels, to cite a few. In recent years, though, social scientists have been wrestling with a murky question: What will climate change mean for human welfare?
Forecasts in this realm are tricky, necessarily based on a long chain of assumptions. Scientific papers have predicted effects as varied as a greater spread of tropical diseases, fewer deaths from cold weather and more from hot weather, and even bumpier rides on airplanes. Now comes another entry in this literature: a prediction that in a hotter world, people will get less sleep.
In a paper published online Friday by the journal Science Advances, Nick Obradovich and his colleagues predicted more restless nights, especially in the summer, as global temperatures rise. They found that the poor, who are less likely to have air-conditioning or be able to run it, as well as the elderly, who have more difficulty regulating their body temperature, would be hit hard.
If global emissions are allowed to continue at a high level, the paper found, then additional nights of sleeplessness can be expected beyond what people normally experience. By 2050, for every 100 Americans, an extra six nights of sleeplessness can be expected every month, the researchers calculated. By 2099, that would more than double, to 14 additional nights of tossing and turning each month for every 100 people, in their estimation. Researchers have long known that being too hot or too cold at night can disturb anyone' s sleep, but nobody had thought to ask how that might affect people in a world grown hotter because of climate change.
To calculate the effect of warmer temperatures in the future, Dr. Obradovich turned to data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which asks people in a survey to recall their sleep patterns in the previous month. Sure enough, he found a correlation between higher temperatures in particular cities and disturbed sleep as reported by their residents. To make forecasts, he drew on computer estimates of how hot particular places will get if greenhouse emissions continue at a high level.
Dr. Obradovich acknowledged that a survey about sleep over the previous month was subject to the vagaries of memory. More definitive research would involve putting lots of people in a sleep laboratory and manipulating the temperature to see what happened. "Those ideal data don't exist and would be prohibitively expensive to collect," he said.

单选题 21.The word "murky" (Para.l) is closest in meaning to______.

单选题 22.According to the scientific papers, which of the following is NOT the predicted effect of climate change?

单选题 23.In the paper, Nick Obradovich and his colleagues predicted______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三、四段。这两段指出奥布拉多维奇博士和他的同事对全球气温升高影响的预测。A项意为“到2050年，每100个美国人有六个失眠夜”，第四段第二句关键信息“到2050年，每100名美国人一个月预计会增加六个不眠之夜”，A项与之相比少了every month(每个月)，故错误。C项意为“到2099年，美国人每月有14个额外失眠之夜”，第四段第三句关键信息“到2099年，每100人一个月辗转难眠的夜晚会增加到14个”，C项与之相比少了every 100 Americans(每100个美国人)，致使其表达不够准确，故错误。D项意为“准确地预测全球变暖的影响”，clearly(准确地)一词过于绝对，故错误。B项意为“穷人和老年人深受气候变化的影响”，其与第三段最后一句“他们发现，不太可能拥有或使用空调的穷人，以及更难调节自身体温的老人，也许会受到严重影响”相吻合，因此正确，故本题选B。

单选题 24.With the data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Obradovich______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第五、六段。B项意为“要求人们回想自己的睡眠状态”，其是美国疾病控制与预防中心要求人们做的事情，并非奥布拉多维奇博士，故错误。C项意为“发现了记忆变化对人们睡眠状况的影响”，第六段第一句则是“奥布拉多维奇承认，对前一个月的睡眠情况进行的调查会受记忆力变化的影响”，C项与之相比有出入，故错误。D项意为“依靠计算机评估进行预测”，第六段最后一句则是“为了进行预测，他利用了计算机来演算……”，故错误。A项意为“发现高温与不安夜晚之间的关系”．其与第五段第三句“果然，他在某些城市发现了气温升高和民众反映的睡眠受到干扰之间的联系”相吻合，故本题选A。