单选题
How do people decide whether to trust a country's investment climate, or the quality of its goods and services (1) , to a degree: places with skilled workers and high technology tend to make (2) stuff; countries with clear laws and clean politicians are more trustworthy. You might suspect, (3) , that plain prejudice also affects trade and capital flows. Three economists have found evidence of (4) that. As a first (5) , the trio looked at Eurobarometer surveys, which frequently ask EU citizens how much they trust people from various countries. To the authors, it is much more (6) that different countries give different answers. When two sets of people (7) a country's reliability differently, cultural (8) may be at work. Because trading with another country may also (9) trust, the economists had to (10) out which causes the other. So (11) rely only on Europeans' direct answers about trust, they looked at these in (12) with three long-run factors that might affect prejudices—religion, a history of wars and widespread genetic differences—and used these to try to (13) the effects of cultural biases on trust and trade. The economists find that cultural biases do drive wide variations (14) trust among European countries. And after (15) for other factors (such as geography) that also foster trade, they claim to show that culturally driven trust does (16) trade and investment patterns. A one-standard-deviation increase in their trust measure is (17) with a(n) (18) to trade between two countries of 30%, and a rise in bilateral foreign direct investment of as much as 75%. They also find that high education levels and more information tend to (19) these effects by correcting misconceptions about unfamiliar countries. (20) ignorance, it seems, does even more damage than free traders thought.
单选题
A. Supposedly B. Actually C. Objectively D. Fortunately
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查副词辨析。该句表达了说话人的看法或观点。文章开始提出问题——人们如何决定是否要相信一个国家的投资环境或者是该国的商品和服务质量。设空处给予答案,即对于技术工人和高新技术存在的地方,通常有可信赖之处;法律明确政治清明的国家更值得信赖。从文章开始的短语to a degree来看,作者并没有将这一观点绝对化,而是让他成为一种客观性的评价。Objectively强调基于事实,就事论事符合题意,所以本题正确答案是C项。Supposedly“据说,传说”,Actually“真实地,事实上”,Fortunately“幸运地”。
单选题
A. reliable B. enduring C. valuable D. appealing
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。空格处需填入动词,其宾语是“文化偏见对信任和贸易的影响”。上文已明确说明贸易和信任会相互影响,而经济学家需要弄清楚二者之间的因果关系(sort out which causes the other),因此本句经济学家将信任调查的结果与影响偏见的多种因素结合起来考虑,其目的就是为了分离出文化偏见对信任和贸易的影响,A.isolate符合文意。isolate“隔离。孤立;将……剔出(以便看清和单独处理)”,detach“(使)分离;摆脱”,remove“移开;去除,消除(不愉快的事物)”,reduce“减少,减小”。
单选题
A. from B. in C. with D. by
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查介词辨析。设空处的介词与variations“变化,变异”搭配,意为:经济学家发现,文化偏见确实致使欧洲国家之间在信任方面产生很大的变化。表示“在……方面的变化”时。variation可与in或of搭配,如:variations in pressure(压力的变化),the variation of opinion(意见的改变),因此B.in正确。
单选题
A. caring B. catering C. answering D. accounting
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。设空处的动词接these effects作宾语。注意这里these effects指上文提到的the effects of cultural biases on trust and trade。空格句意为:教育水平高和见多识广往往会减少这些因素对信任度及贸易活动的影响。A、C项指数量上的减少或增多,supplement指“添加以增补”,它们都不接effect作宾语。故B项为正确选项。