汉译英 7. 
端午节

    农历五月初五为“端午节”。为了纪念楚国爱国诗人屈原,这一天必不可少的活动是吃粽子1、赛龙舟。
    据《史记》记载,屈原是战国时期2楚国大臣。他倡导举贤授能、富国强兵,力主联齐抗秦,遭到贵族们的强烈反对,后遭诋毁流放3。公元前278年,秦军攻破楚国京都。屈原听到噩耗后,万念俱灰4,于五月五日投汨罗江而亡。
    传说屈原故去后,楚国百姓纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊5屈原。渔夫们划起船只,奋力打捞他的尸体。人们还将饭团和鸡蛋丢进江里,以免屈原的身体被鱼、虾、蟹伤害。后来,怕饭团被蛟龙所食,人们想出用竹叶包饭,外缠彩丝,这就是传说中粽子的来源。
【正确答案】
Dragon Boat Festival

   The fifth day of the fifth month on the lunar calendar, known as the Dragon Boat Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival to commemorate Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of the Chu State. The Chinese have the tradition of eating zongzi (dumpling made of glutinous rice), and having dragon boat race on this day.
   According to Historical Records, Qu Yuan was a minister of the Chu State during the period of the Warring States (475BC-221BC). He passionately advocated selecting government functionaries according to their competence, making the state and the army strong and allying with the Qi State to fight Qin. Chu's aristocrats strongly opposed him. Later Qu Yuan was framed and sent into exile. In 278 BC, Qin's army captured Chu's capital. Hearing this sad news, Qu Yuan, totally disillusioned, drowned himself in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
   It was said that upon heating the news of Qu Yuan's death, local people in the Chu State rushed to the river bank to show their respect for him. Fishermen rowed on the river, trying hard to retrieve his body. They threw rice balls and eggs into the water, hoping to keep fish, shrimps and crabs from hurting the poet's body. To prevent the giant dragon from eating the rice balls, local people later wrapped the rice balls with bamboo leaves and bound them with colorful threads, which explains how zongzi has come into being.
【答案解析】 1.关于中国特有文化现象及事物的翻译,建议采用汉语拼音加注释性翻译的策略。例如,本处出现的“粽子”可以翻译如下:zongzi(dumpling made of glutinous rice)。
   2.同理,对于中国历史纪年体系的翻译,也建议采用增益处理策略。例如,本处出现的“战国时期”,除采用直译方法将之译为the period of the Warring States之外,另外增加(475 BC-221 BC)这一公元纪年参照,有利于不熟悉中国历史的读者了解其时代细节。
   3.就句间逻辑关系而言,“遭到贵族们的强烈反对”与“后遭诋毁流放”两者之间存在一种隐性因果关系。根据英文强调形合的特征,翻译时不妨将两者之间的逻辑关系显性化。不妨参考翻译如下:As a result of the strong opposition from other aristocrats of Chu State, Qu Yuan was later set up by his opponents and sent into exile.
   4.根据英文句子组句习惯,也可将原文中的动态述位短语“万念俱灰”转化为修饰定语,如:Upon hearing this sad news, the totally disillusioned Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
   5.“凭吊”可以翻译为to show their respect for, to pay homage, to pay tribute或to commemorate等。