单选题
The usual image of studying is of someone peering
into a book, hoping to learn something. Study is a dull word for {{U}}
{{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}fascinating ways to {{U}} {{U}} 2
{{/U}} {{/U}}the world of learning. A 5-year-old child must study to learn the
alphabet. A team member in the National Football League must study the plays
{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}by the coaches. All the practice
sessions a pianist endures are {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}forms
of study. The success of every learning experience in school or
in a career depends on some {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}of
studying, and not all studying is done with books. The biologist must inspect
nature firsthand. The airline {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}must
learn about wind and other weather {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}}
{{/U}}.Soldiers must be trained to {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}}
{{/U}}under the most difficult conditions.{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}}
{{/U}}, for most persons the reading of useful books is a{{U}} {{U}}
10 {{/U}} {{/U}}step to learning. The study that underpins learning is a
lifelong pursuit. Although memory is vital to all learning,
study is not {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}of memory only.
Arithmetic problems, for instance, are mainly practice in using numbers in ways
already learned. Reading, spelling, and writing are skill subjects too and
require practice. By repeated effort,{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}}
{{/U}}in these subjects is increased {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}}
{{/U}}typing and driving are. They are tool subjects, or stepping stones,
{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}the learner increases knowledge and
expands it into other areas. The sciences, language arts, and social studies are
skill subjects only in part. They also give the learner practice in
understanding the {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}between ideas and
events, or cause and effect. Some facts and skills are learned
by taking part in activities. Some are learned by {{U}} {{U}} 16
{{/U}} {{/U}}what others do or by reading about {{U}} {{U}} 17
{{/U}} {{/U}}has happened. In every {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}}
{{/U}}a background of information from experience or study can help speed the
learning process. The textbook is the most common {{U}}
{{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}for school use. It establishes the {{U}}
{{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}by which learning proceeds. It frequently
includes practice problems and activities that allow the learner to use what has
been learned.
【答案解析】[解析]
1)介词短语“in these subjects”是ability的定语，“these subjects”指前一句中出现的“skill subjects”。
2)A)，C)，D)三项的区别：
①ability：指后天获得的，智力上或体力上的能力。所以可表达“获得的能力”，其结构是“ability to do sth．”或“ability in sth．”。
②capacity：也指智力上或体力上的能力，有时能与ability换用。但capacity多指天生的或潜在的能力。常用的结构是“capacity for doing sth．”或“capacity to do sth．”
③capability：多表示“本能，适应能力强”。
根据文章句子意思，这里的能力系指在阅读、拼写、书写等技能方面的能力，属后天获得的能力。故C)为答案。
【答案解析】[解析]
1)选用B)项relationship为答案的理由如下：
①介词短语搭配的需要：“relationship between ideas and events，or cause and effect．”(文章的中心思想和重要事实之间的关系，或者因果关系)
②动宾搭配的需要：“understanding the relationship：动词understand指对某种事物有一明确的概念或充分的了解。
2)D)项“difference between…”在结构上成立，但上下文意思不符，不宜作答案。
【答案解析】[解析] 按结构，about之后应是一个介词宾语从句。要确定的选项既能引导宾语从句，又能在从句中作主语。故只能选what，理由如下：
①关系代词型“what”表示“……所……的(东西)”，可在从句中作主语和宾语。它所引导的宾语从句可以自由地作动词和介词的宾语。
②从原文句子的修辞上看：“by watching what others do”和“by learning about what has happened”是平行关系。前者的“what”为本题的正确选择提供了依据。
单选题
A. point
B. instance
C. case
D. step
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 四个选项都能与介词“in”组成短语。但符合原句子意思的只有C)项的case (在任何情况下)。
A) point：in point：适当的
B) instance：in the first instance：首先，第一
C)case：in case：万一……的话，在……的情况下；in any(no，every…)case：无论如何(决不；在任何情况下……)。故C)为答案。
D)step：in step(with)…：与……步调一致