翻译题
A newly published series of experiments by cognitive neuroscientists at New York University is reinforcing the relevance of facial expressions to perceptions of characteristics such as tnistworthiness and friendliness. Conversely, facial structure influences the perception of physical ability but not intentions (such as friendliness and trustworthiness, in this instance). 【F1】In addition, decisions that involve guessing at the possible intentions of a person such as to whom you would entrust your money management are more strongly influenced by facial expression, whereas those based on physical ability such as whom you would bet on in a sporting event are more strongly influenced by facial structure. 【F2】Previous studies also have shown the effect of facial cues on how we perceive and interact with others but this new work reveals how perceptions of the same person can vary greatly depending on that person's facial expression in any given moment. This variability "has implications for both the people presenting themselves and the perceivers in social interactions," says Jonathan Freeman, a social neuroscientist at New York University and senior author of the study. So, we might consider the impact of our facial expressions in the photos we post online. 【F3】At the same time, in an ideal world people who look at our photos would give us the benefit of the doubt and hesitate to make spontaneous .judgments based only on a single image. Furthermore, the researchers refer to "ability" when discussing physical strength in the study. No specific measurements were made, for example, of perceptions of intellectual ability or ability to perform in certain job positions. 【F4】These abilities are more abstract and thus might rely on a combination of different dynamic and static facial cues, Freeman explains, so it would be difficult to test these relationships definitively. In our everyday lives this study and others make clear that although we might try to influence others' perceptions of us with photos showing us splendid dress or displaying a self-assured attitude, the most important determinant of others' perception and consequent behavior toward us is our faces. So the next time you want to win someone's trust, try a smile and a happy face. 【F5】But for those folks hoping to get picked for a pick-up game of football, basketball and so on, don't worry about your facial expression. The best you can do is hope you have a wider face and then let your physical prowess speak for itself.
【答案解析】①本句是由but连接的并列复合句。分句1包含一个宾语从句，而分句2包含了两个宾语从句。②分句1中effect on…，意为“对……的影响”，这里是指面部表情的影响。on后面接一个how引导的宾语从句，共同构成介宾结构，说明面部表情在什么方面有影响。③与分句1的宾语从句不同，分句2 how引导的宾语从句是跟在谓语动词之后的，而that引导的宾语从句作介词on的宾语。in any given moment意为“在任何特定时刻”。
【答案解析】①本句为并列句，分句1主干带“双宾”结构，并包含一个定语从句。分句2是主谓宾结构。②句首包含了两个状语，分别是At the same time和in an ideal world，说明主句内容发生的时间和状态。who引导的定语从句修饰前面的先行词people，说明这是“看到我们照片的人”。直接宾语the benefit of the doubt说明给我们带来好处的是看照片的人会产生怀疑。③分句2包含hesitate to do sth．结构，意为“迟疑／犹豫去做某事”。句末的分词短语based only on a single image作方式状语，意为“仅凭一张照片就……”。
【答案解析】①本句是并列复合句，包含一个结果状语从句。主句中有由and连接的两个并列分句，分别是主系表结构和主谓宾结构，主语都是abilities。②第二个分句of different…facial cues作后置定语修饰a combination，说明不同的动态与静态的面部表情结合。Freeman explains是插入语成分，说明本句出自何人之口。③结果状语从句中的it作形式主语，真正的主语是to test these relationships definitively，表达很难准确地验证这些关系。
问答题5.【F5】
【正确答案】但是对于那些想要在足球、篮球等选拔比赛中被挑选中的人，就不必担心自己的面部表情了。
【答案解析】①本句是一个主谓宾结构的简单句。②主语those folks后面带有较长的后置定语hoping to…a pick-up game．．．and so on，说明那些人希望能在足球、篮球等选拔性比赛中被选中。短语get picked意为“被选中、选入”。of football，basketball and so on是后置定语，修饰a pick-up game，具体说明这是什么选拔比赛。