复合题

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

Text 2

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.

A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.

Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”

Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.

In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories. 

单选题  “Bricks” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate how ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】文中第三段引用数学家Jules Henri Poincare的话来阐述一个观点， “科学是由事实构成的， 就像房屋是由砖建成的。 但是事实堆积起来并不能成为科学， 这比用砖块搭房子复杂得多”。 论证了本段第一句话， 科学除了收集事实资料， 还需要想象和创造性思维， 即说科学并不是简单的堆砌事实， 因此C选项符合。
单选题 In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题是推理题。 由“After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination.”可知， 想象之所以重要是因为它能提供各种假定。 after与题干中的when矛盾， 排除C。 而A和D原文没有提到， 因此B选项符合。
单选题 In the last paragraph, the author refers to hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown” in order to show that hypotheses ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题是推理题。 原文在提到“any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown”后接着解释“it extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts”。 beyond available facts就等于beyond the known facts， 即假定能使科学家的思维越过已有的事实。 因此C选项符合。
单选题 In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function of hypotheses?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】从文章的最后一段中“For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction.”一句， 作者从相反的方面提出假定的作用——若没有假设， 更深入的调查就会缺少目标和方向。 假设的一个主要作用就是给科研提供方向。 因此C选项符合。
单选题 Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】第二段第一句说明理论不仅可以解释以往的观察， 还可以帮助预测还未观察到的， 因此排除A。 第二段最后两句， 如果观察不能证实预测， 那么说明实验有错或理论可能应被修改或推翻， 因此排除B。 而C在文章中没有涉及。 根据第三段最后一句话， 科学需要想象力和创造性思考， 可以得出D为正确答案。