Three years ago, on January 13th, Rukhsar Khatun, then 15 months old, was diagnosed with polio. She now has a crippled leg and struggles to keep up with her friends. But this little girl, from a West Bengali village, can claim some fame: she is, with luck, the last Indian to be infected with the wild polio virus. Enough time has passed with no new case for India shortly to be certified as free of the pain. That is a big success. India's anti-polio campaign began in 1995 with severe disadvantages. The country spends little on public health, barely 1% of GDP, and has been awful at immunising children. Too few parents know the basics of hygiene and nutrition, let alone the benefits of vaccines. India has bad sanitation, large remote populations and vast migration from village to slum. Yet much has gone right. The anti-polio campaign received over $3 billion, mostly from within India itself, and deployed 2.4m vaccinators. UNICEF, the World Health Organisation (WHO), Rotary International and the Gates Foundation (both charities) gave technical help. Religious leaders reassured people suspicious about vaccinations, and politicians knocked on doors to make sure children took their medicine. At the peak of coverage, 99.1% of the target population swallowed anti-polio drops, says Anuradha Gupta of the national health ministry. That is surprisingly high, considering that a decade ago "universal" vaccination coverage for seven preventable diseases was a pitiful 30% in Bihar, a big, poor northern state. India's campaign has been successful enough for its lessons to be applied in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria, the last places with endemic polio. Vaccinators learned to attend especially to mobile populations, like seasonal workers at brick kilns, and found that many migrants are best reached not at home but in bus and railway stations. Good monitoring was crucial, too. In Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, vaccinators visited 60m households several times a year, says Hamid Jafari of the WHO. To compile data on receivers, some 400,000 hard-to-reach population groups were carefully tracked and plotted, down to each household. Data passed early to decision-makers, at the district-official level, allowed a quick response to new cases.

单选题 Rukhsar Khatun was mentioned to ______.

单选题 We know from the second paragraph that ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：选项A与第二段第三句话相关：The country spends little on public health, barely 1％of GDP… 文章只是说印度在公共健康上的支出非常少，并没有说是世界上最少的，故该项表述错误。选项B对应原文“Too few parents know the basics of hygiene and nutrition”一句，而该项中的“the ABC of health care(卫生保健的基础知识)”对应“basics of hygiene(卫生的基础)”，故该项表述正确。选项C中的“slum”，“bad hygiene”等词文章有提到，但并没有说“由于卫生情况糟糕，很少有印度人愿意待在贫民窟”，该项属于无中生有，故错误。选项D对应原文这句话：Too few parents know the basics of hygiene and nutrition, let alone the benefits of vaccines．(很少有父母了解关于卫生和营养的基础知识，更别说接种疫苗的好处了。)可见该项表述与原文相反，故错误。

单选题 Which one is NOT a piece of good news for anti-polio campaign?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：选项A与第三段第三行的“…(charities)gave technical help”内容相符，故正确。选项B对应第一行：The anti-polio campaign received over $3 billion．故正确。选项C对应最后一句后半句：politicians knocked on doors to make sure children took their medicine．(政客们挨家敲门，确保儿童服用药物。)由此可见该项表述也正确。选项D对应最后一句前半句：Religious leaders reassured people suspicious about vaccinations．(宗教领袖消除怀疑接种疫苗者的疑虑。)而该项却说：Most people remain suspicious about vaccinations．(大多数人对接种疫苗表示怀疑。)两者表述显然不一致，而且该项的描述对于“anti—polio campaign(反小儿麻痹症运动)”来讲也不是一个好消息，故答案为选项D。

单选题 We can learn from the text that ______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：本题根据题干无法定位，但是可以根据选项进行定位：选项A、B中的30％和99.7％帮助我们定位到第四段；选项D中的大写词Pakistan等帮我们定位到第五段，故可以确定该题答案来自这两个自然段。选项A对应第四段最后一句：...a decade ago“universal”vaccination coverage for seven preventable diseases was a pitiful 30％ in Bihar, a big, poor northern state. 其中，“ten years ago”=“a decade ago”，“30％”这样的数据信息也吻合，但是原文提到的地方是Bihar，而不是该项的India，所以该项的错误是偷换概念。选项B对应第四段首句：At the peak of coverage, 99.7％ of the target population swallowed anti-polio drops．该项所有信息与原文基本接近，但是原文的“target population(目标群体)”被替换成了“Indians(印度人)”，故该项也是偷换概念。选项C对应第五段第二句：Vaccinators learned to attend especially to mobile populations．其中“migrant workers”对应“mobile populations”；“received care from vaccinators”对应“vaccinators learned to attend to”。故该项正确。选项D对应第五段首句，该句说的是“to be applied in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria(即将被应用到巴基斯坦、阿富汗和尼日利亚)”，而该项却说“has been accepted in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria(已经被巴基斯坦、阿富汗和尼日利亚接受)”，故该项错误。综上所述，本题答案为C。