Directions： Read the following passages that are followed by some questions respectively. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best： answer to each of the questions after reading the corresponding passage.

Passage 3

I do not think that there is such a thing as ABSOLUTE religious or sacred music. What is true of other things in life is true of music. It is relative. What is true in art today may be deemed quite untrue by the next generation. Take, for example, the musical consonance and discord once recognized as essential elements in music. Modem composers and musicians do not recognize the old order of things. The Gregorian Chant has been associated in Christian nations with religion for hundreds of years, so it invokes within us religious feeling. In a non-Christian land the same chant might re-use martial sentiment, if it had been used there for that purpose TRADITIONALLY. Play the Gregorian chant to an Australian bushman and it may not affect him devotionally at all-but a certain crude melody of his own will. At the same time, his wild music may inspire feelings of a quite different nature in others in a different environment.

The same is true of the music of different musical instruments. The horn has been associated with the chase. When we think of the chase we instinctively think of the horn. The guitar is associated with romance—a gondola（平底鞋） under the Rialto in Venice, or a young man under a window in Seville. Nowadays, we associate war with trumpet and drum—the instruments of fire and fury. But in ancient Greece the bards were wont to lash the country into feverish martial activities by singing and playing on the lyre. The Gaelic bards did the same. Now, the lyre is to US an instrument of tender tones and romantic feeling.

During the exciting days of the French Revolution the singing of the Marseillaise was thought more dangerous by those in power than incendiary speeches or weapons of war. It inspired people to make sacrifices; it roused them to fight and to die fighting. I am certain that, in a country that knows nothing about the French Revolution or of this great song of France, the Marseillaise could be effectively used for religious revival.

Art, then is influenced by environment, education, and association of ideas. Art, like love, is a state of mind and heart, and the art of music more so than other arts. The arts of poetry, painting, and sculpture have tangible forms. But music is formless it is all feeling. For that reason it is the more dynamic, and produces a deeper emotional effect.