单选题
Brothers and sisters fight, but when the
{{U}}bickering{{/U}} evolves into physical or emotional abuse, it's bullying.
Ordinary arguments over toys and who gets the front seat are one thing, but a
recent study from researchers at the University of New Hampshire reports that
aggression between siblings can escalate into bullying, and that young victims
can be harmed in the same way as those who are threatened by peers on the
playground. In fact, the study authors say, being bullied by a
brother or sister was linked to worse mental-health outcomes for kids and
adolescents, similar to those associated with being bullied by unrelated kids in
the schoolyard. The new study, published in the journal
Pediatrics, involved thousands of children and adolescents throughout the U.S.
and found that those who were physically assaulted, had their toys stolen or
broken or endured emotional abuse that made them feel frightened or unwanted by
their sibling had higher levels of depression, anger and anxiety than those
without these experiences. In order to study any differences
between the effects of sibling bullying and those of being threatened by an
unrelated bully, the researchers compared the effects of aggressive behaviors,
such as physical violence, breaking or taking toys or belongings, and abuse,
like name-calling or mocking, originating from siblings with those coming from
children's unrelated peers. They concluded that as far as mental-health effects
are concerned, the relationship that the victims had with their bullies didn't
seem to matter. The findings showed that sibling bullying had the same
association with increased anxiety, depression and trauma as peer
aggression. That's an eye-opening result since most parents-not
to mention the public-have a higher tolerance for fighting and even threatening
behavior among siblings than they do for other social relationships. Sibling
fighting is often dismissed, seen as something that's normal or harmless. Some
parents even think it's beneficial, as training for dealing with conflict and
aggression in other relationships. But when does that normal
quarreling evolve into something more? Parents may unknowingly play a role in
escalating some sibling fighting into abuse, John V. Caffaro, a clinical
psychologist and co-author of Sibling Abuse Trauma, told the New York Times. If
parents allow children to continuously fight and confront each other in
aggressive ways without intervening, or if they play favorites and label
children as "the smart one" or the "the quiet one," that may lead to more
unhealthy competitiveness between siblings that develops into abuse. Caffaro
said that since violence between siblings is one of the most common types of
familial violence, aggression with the intent to physical hurt or humiliate a
brother or sister should be taken seriously, and quashed.
单选题
The word "bickering" (Line l, Para. 1) most probably means ______.
单选题
The new study published in Pediatrics shows that ______.
A. thousands of children and adolescents in the US are bullied yearly.
B. the outcome of being bullied by siblings is worse than that by
peers.
C. kids bullied by their siblings are more depressed than those who
not.
D. being bullied by siblings is exactly the same as being bullied by
others.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干《儿科》这本杂志，可以迅速定位文章的第三段Pediatrics。第三段指出，新研究发现，那些身体受攻击……的小孩，与那些没有这种遭遇的小孩相比，表现得更加沮丧、愤怒和焦虑。可以看出受到欺凌的小孩比其他没有相关经历的人要更容易抑郁，故选C项。
A项只是现象，并非研究表明的结果。第四段最后两句表明，受欺凌和欺凌者之间的关系并不重要，两者都会给受欺凌者带来伤害，故B项表述不准确。D项的exactly the same表述过于绝对，在文中找不到依据。
单选题
After comparing the effects, the researchers found that ______.
A. sibling bullying is as detrimental as peer aggression.
B. sibling bullying is actually not a matter to worry about.
C. sibling bullying is more harmful than peer aggression.
D. sibling bullying is closely related to peer aggression.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 从题干中compare effects可以定位至第四段的最后一句。该句表明手足欺凌和同伴欺凌一样都会造成同样的创伤(had the same association with...)。A项中的detrimental意为“有害的”，与文意一致，故为答案。
B项与文章所表达的观点恰恰相反，第五段和第六段反复强调家长需要重视这一问题。C项与A项矛盾，二者同样严重。D项属于逻辑混淆，本段只是对比两种欺凌之间的关系，而并未提到两种欺凌之间是否有关系。
单选题
According to the text, some parents actually ______.
A. are more tolerant than the public for sibling fighting.
B. regard bullying in the family as something harmful.
C. think that bullying can help their children in a way.
D. are fond of playing favorites and labeling children.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 通读全文可以发现家长的观点在第五段。第五段最后一句话就是家长错误观点的写照，有些家长认为(小孩争吵)是有益的(beneficial)，可以作为孩子以后处理矛盾的一种训练。C项为正确答案。
A项与公众观点有关，公众观点在第五段第1句提到，not to mention the public(更不用提公众了)，说明家长还是要比公众严格，因此A项说法正好与文章相反。B项非家长的观点，是研究者的观点。D项在第六段第3句提到，if they play favorites and label children...，但D项说家长喜欢这么做(be fond of)，却是文章中没有提到的。
单选题
Which of the following would Caffaro most probably agree with?
A. Parents are responsible for most bullying in the family.
B. Sibling bullying is more than common in US families.
C. Parents should consciously encourage sibling fighting.
D. Sibling bullying needs proper intervention from parents.