阅读理解 Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.

单选题 Every group of human beings has________.

单选题 To the professional linguists,________.

单选题 Most languages of uncivilized groups are________.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】词义题型。第二段第三句Most languages of uncivilized groups are，by our most severe standards， extremely complex．用我们严格的标准来讲，未开化的群体中大多数的语言是十分复杂的。adequate足够的； numerous很多的； ingenuous坦率的；ingenious善于用新的方法解决复杂问题的、新颖的。C项与原文complex意思相近，为正确答案。

单选题 Backward languages fall behind Western languages in________.

单选题 All languages, whether civilized or not, have their own________.

单选题 Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】推断题型。第一段第二句To the professional anthropologist，there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another，just as to the professional linguist，there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages．(专业的人类学家认为，各文化之间没有固有的高低之分，这正如语言学家所认为的语言没有固有的等级之分是一样的)。根据这句话的逻辑关系我们可以推断出，作者对语言关系的阐述的目的是说明不同文化之间的关系。cast light on sth．“使某事物清楚些”。

单选题 It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed________.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】推断题型。根据第一段人类学家的观点，各民族的文化是平等的，也就是说应该按照一个完整的个体来对待。另外，第二段的中间部分提到，所有的语言都是有扩大词汇的方式方法的，日常活动和熟悉事物都需要名称，要进行辨别，这些自然要导致语言本身形成自己的体系，也就相对是独立的了。

单选题 According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to________.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】推断题型。参看第二段的倒数第三句…objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in“backward”languages，while different from the West，are often surprisingly numerous and complicated．学语言除了学语音、语法外，还有与文化相关的信仰、生活方式、人的思想等等。语言也是文化的一部分，所以，学外语必须要了解文化。