【答案解析】Langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by. It is abstract and relatively stable.
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phoneme
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Phoneme: It refers to the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular language. For example, in English, /p/is described as a phoneme.
问答题
prefix
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Prefix : In linguistics, a prefix is a type of affix that precedes the morphemes to which it can attach. Prefixes are bound morphemes (they can not occur as independent words). While most languages employ both prefixes and suffixes, prefixes are less common. Some languages employ mostly suffixes and almost no prefixes at all. The use of prefixes has been found to correlate statistically with other linguistic features, such as a verb-object word order and the use of prepositions.
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part of speech
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Part of speech : One of a group of traditional classifications of words according to their functions in context, including the noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection, and sometimes the article.
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back-formation
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Back-formation: Back-formation refers to an unusually abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. Take
televise
for example. The word
television
appeared before
televise
. The first part of the word
television
was pulled out and analyzed as a root, even though no such root occurs elsewhere in the English language.
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polysemy
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Polysemy: Polysemy means a single word having several or many meanings. According to Crystal: Polysemy is a term used in semantic analysis to refer to a lexical item which has a range of different meanings. Polysemic words are signs of an advanced culture. Polysemy is also an essential feature of a language"s economy and efficiency.
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speech community
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Speech community: Speech community is a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Speech communities can be members of a profession with a specialized jargon, distinct social groups like high school students or hip hop fans. In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums, often constitute speech communities. Members of speech communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group"s special purposes and priorities.
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interlanguage
【正确答案】
【答案解析】interlanguage: It refers to the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It"s a language system between the target language and the learner"s native language, and imperfect compared with the target language, but not mere translation from the learner"s native language. For example, when a Chinese student is learning English, he may make errors like "to touch the society".
问答题
syllabus
【正确答案】
【答案解析】略
问答题
comprehensible input
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Comprehensible input: It means any input must be comprehensible if it is to have any effect on learning. The concept of comprehensible input is that second language acquisition depends upon the learners" attempts to extract meaning from the language input. The language that learners are exposed to should be just far enough beyond their current competence so that they can understand most of it but still be challenged to make progress. Input should be neither too difficult nor too easy for the learners.