单选题
Listen to part of a lecture in a law class.
Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
单选题
What is the main topic of the lecture?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Professor: While America was being colonized, that is, from 1607 to 1776, those who were interested in pursuing a career in law had to go to England and attend Inns of Court for their legal training. These inns were far from schools, but were merely part of the English law society and helped students familiarize themselves with English law. It was common for people who wanted to be lawyers to undertake a clerkship or apprenticeship with somebody already established in the legal world.
Once America became the United States of America, independent from the British, the rules and regulations for becoming a lawyer were very lax and the number of people who became lawyers skyrocketed. The most common way for somebody to enter the legal world was by apprenticeship, but as time went on, law schools were established at various law offices which focused on training. The first school was Litchfield School in Connecticut in 1784 and focused on commercial law. Colleges slowly added law as a part of their course offerings, but it was not until 1817 that Harvard University established the first independent law school.
From 1850 to 1900, the number of law schools grew from 15 to 102. These schools did not require that students already hold an undergraduate degree when entering and it was the norm for the program to be completed in one year. However, in the late 1800s, there were more and more 2-year programs.
The teaching of law went through a radical change in 1870 at Harvard University. Students who did not already have an undergraduate degree had to take an entrance exam. By 1871 the course was two years long and by 1876 it was three years long. At the end of the first year, there was a comprehensive exam that had to be passed if a student wanted to continue on to the next year of study.
The most dramatic change, which is still in practice today, is the way teaching was done. Instead of listening to lectures, students studied cases. From the cases that were studied, students were expected to understand the principles of law, what they meant and how they developed. Teaching followed the ancient Greek style—Socratic questioning, so students would discover the foundation of the laws represented by each case.
As the need for more lawyers grew by the late 1800s, the number of law schools that opened also grew. Not a lot of money was needed to open a law school and as a result, several opened. There were even night schools for studying law, many of which had lawyers and judges as teachers. A problem with many of the schools that opened is that the standards were low and the material studied had an emphasis on what was customary in a specific region. The most important contribution of this is that studying law became available to everybody, not just the rich of the upper class.
By the turn of the century, there was a dramatic increase in the number of people studying law. By 1960 schools had to start to be selective in who they permitted entrance. To better represent the nation, law schools began to look for female and minority students. The curriculum was changing too. Civil rights and poverty issues, along with international law was being taught.
Law: Law in America
Professor: While America was being colonized, that is, from 1607 to 1776, those who were interested in pursuing a career in law had to go to England and attend Inns of Court for their legal training. These inns were far from schools, but were merely part of the English law society and helped students familiarize themselves with English law. It was common for people who wanted to be lawyers to undertake a clerkship or apprenticeship with somebody already established in the legal world.
Once America became the United States of America, independent from the British, the rules and regulations for becoming a lawyer were very lax and the number of people who became lawyers skyrocketed. The most common way for somebody to enter the legal world was by apprenticeship, but as time went on, law schools were established at various law offices which focused on training. The first school was Litchfield School in Connecticut in 1784 and focused on commercial law. Colleges slowly added law as a part of their course offerings, but it was not until 1817 that Harvard University established the first independent law school.
From 1850 to 1900, the number of law schools grew from 15 to 102. These schools did not require that students already hold an undergraduate degree when entering and it was the norm for the program to be completed in one year. However, in the late 1800s, there were more and more 2-year programs.
The teaching of law went through a radical change in 1870 at Harvard University. Students who did not already have an undergraduate degree had to take an entrance exam. By 1871 the course was two years long and by 1876 it was three years long. At the end of the first year, there was a comprehensive exam that had to be passed if a student wanted to continue on to the next year of study.
The most dramatic change, which is still in practice today, is the way teaching was done. Instead of listening to lectures, students studied cases. From the cases that were studied, students were expected to understand the principles of law, what they meant and how they developed. Teaching followed the ancient Greek style—Socratic questioning, so students would discover the foundation of the laws represented by each case.
As the need for more lawyers grew by the late 1800s, the number of law schools that opened also grew. Not a lot of money was needed to open a law school and as a result, several opened. There were even night schools for studying law, many of which had lawyers and judges as teachers. A problem with many of the schools that opened is that the standards were low and the material studied had an emphasis on what was customary in a specific region. The most important contribution of this is that studying law became available to everybody, not just the rich of the upper class.
By the turn of the century, there was a dramatic increase in the number of people studying law. By 1960 schools had to start to be selective in who they permitted entrance. To better represent the nation, law schools began to look for female and minority students. The curriculum was changing too. Civil rights and poverty issues, along with international law was being taught.
单选题
According to the lecture, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a main change in the late 19th century at Harvard University?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 教授在讲座中间提到：At the end of the first year, there was a comprehensive exam that had to be passed if a student wanted to continue on to the next year of study. 从这句话中可知，学生们要升学的话就得通过综合考试。
单选题
How is the last part of the general discussion on the evolution of American law schooling organized?
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 从讲座结尾部分的by the turn of the century以及By 1960可知，接下来教授要讲20世纪美国法律教育所发生的变化。
单选题
How is the lecture about the first part of the late 1800"s organized?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的时间late 1800"s可在录音中捕捉到下面这句话：As the need for more lawyers grew by the late 1800s, the number of law schools that opened also grew. 由此可知，在讲到19世纪晚期的情况时，教授先提到了对律师需求的增加。