Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a【C3】______individual goal, but it is a socially expensive one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the funding of those in work for their【C5】______, The【C6】______is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and rising life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double in size. Public pension payments, which【C7】______30c80 % of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C8】______to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries. 【C9】______is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today's workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C10】______for. Action is needed,【C11】______simply aiming to reduce the【C12】______(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C13】______the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C14】______to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of 【C15】______early retirement schemes to avoid【C16】______and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C17】______persuading people to stay in work until they are older.【C18】______, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______rate should rise a new.
【答案解析】解析:本题考查形似词辨析。outset指“开端,开始”;outcome指“结果”;outbreak指“(战争等的)爆发,(疾病等的)发作”;outlook指“前景,可能性”。空格被表语worrying修饰;由下文in the next 50 years...可知接下来是对将来可能发生情况的预测,而本句则是对这种情况的概括:……令人担忧,outlook“前景”符合文意,为正确答案。
【答案解析】解析:本题考查基础动词的辨异。空格处为句子谓语,实际句子结构是public pension payments are…to rise by over…。将答案一一代入,符合文章要求的只有expect,构成搭配be expected to do,原文意为“公共退休金的支出有望上升”;authorize与intend也可用于be~ed to do的结构,但文中并非表示“(有人)批准或者打算使公共退休金的支出上升”,因此排除;conceive通常与of连用。
单选题
【C9】
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:本题考查倒装结构和习惯搭配。such that…是习惯搭配,意为“如此……以致……”。在这里,空格所在句子是倒装句,such置于句首,起强调作用。原文可以译为:养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们预期的(或……)养老金的危险。如果用so需加入适当的形容词,如so strong/intense is the pressure…that…。