单选题 Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 1 by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 2 situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has 3 in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 4 ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.
5 , the standard variety of English is based on the London 6 of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 7 by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 8 a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 9 that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 10 English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 11 the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 12 among local standards is realIy quite minor, 13 the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very 14 different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 15 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 16 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 17 much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be 18 . This latter situation is not unique 19 English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 20 . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones.