【正确答案】

【答案解析】[听力原文] 23-28
Just now we talked about an ideal high school. Well...er...What is then an ideal college. Well...uh...An ideal college should be a community, a place of close, natural, intimate association, not only of the young men who are its pupils and novices in various lines of study, but also of young men with older men, with mature men, with veterans and professionals in the great undertaking of learning, of teachers with pupils, outside the classroom as well as inside it. No one is successfully educated within the walls of any particular classroom or laboratory or museum; and no amount of association, however close and familiar and delightful, between mere beginners can ever produce the sort of enlightenment which the young lad gets when he first begins to catch the infection of learning. The trouble with most of our colleges nowadays is that the faculty of the college live one life and the undergraduates is not touched with personal influence of the teachers: life among the teachers is not touched by the personal impressions which should come from frequent and intimate contact with undergraduates. This separation need not exist, and, in the college of the ideal university, would not exist.
It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with all modern achievements—only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical" and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think.
The present and most pressing problem of our university authorities is to bring about this vital association for the benefit of the novices of the university world, the undergraduates. Classroom methods are thorough enough; competent scholars already lecture and set tasks and superintend their performance; but the life of the average undergraduate outside the classroom and other stated appointments with his instructors is not very much affected by his studies; is almost entirely dissociated from intellectual interests.
[解析] 本题为细节题，考查考生是否能抓住讲座中所提到的重要事实和细节。题目问：什么是理想的大学?文章的篇首提到“An ideal college should be a community, a place of close, natural, intimate association, not only of the young men who are its pupils and novices in various lines of study, but also of young men with older men, with mature men, with veterans and professionals in the great undertaking of learning, of teachers with pupils, outside the classroom as well as inside it”(理想的大学应该是一个社区，在这里，不仅年轻的学生和各学科新手之间具有紧密的、自然的和亲密的关系，而且年轻的学生与年长者、成熟的人、有经验的人和有学问的专业人员之间，老师与学生课内课外也具有这种关系)”。该句所表达的意思与选项D(应该是一种有经验的与无经验的和谐统一)意义相近，因此选项D为正确答案。

【正确答案】

【答案解析】[解析] 本题仍为细节题。题目问：在成功的教育中，学生能够从哪里获得知识?解答本题的关键仍是第一段的句子：“No one is successfully educated within the wails of any particular classroom or laboratory or museum.”其大概意思是：良好的教育不是在墙内的具体某一间教室或实验室或博物馆里获得的。言下之意，要受到良好的教育必须接触外界，接触社会，利用各种资源。因此选项B为正确答案。

【正确答案】

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为推断题，考查考生是否具备根据所给信息作出判断和推断的能力。题目问：初学者不能从哪个方面得到启发?从第一段中间的句子“and no amount of association, however close and familiar and delightful, between mere beginners can ever produce the sort of enlightenment which the young lad gets when he first begins to catch the infection of learning”得知，不管初学者之间的关系有多熟悉，有多愉悦，他们相互之间都不可能获得学识的感染。言下之意，他可以从有经验的人、老兵和老师那里得到启发，而不是同龄人那里得到启发。所以正确答案应该是选项A。

【正确答案】

【答案解析】[解析] 本题仍为推断题。题目问：关于教师与大学生之间的隔阂，我们可以推断出下列哪一项?根据第二段开头一句“It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them”，其大概意思是大学的生活需要教师和学生共同参与，他们之间需要有自然的日常交流。这层含义与选项D(构架，跨过)的意义相同，因此选项D为正确答案。

【正确答案】

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为细节多选题，考查考生是否能抓住讲座中所提到的多个细节或事实。题目问：根据教授的讲座，什么是学校里正常课堂的最好描述?通过第二段中间的句子“Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is...”可知，在学习某学科时的情形是：讲座是非常正式和空洞的东西。事实证明(老师的)叙述既枯燥又无益。只有与学者进行对话和自然的交流你才会发现知识是如此的生动。所以，选项A(枯燥而又无益)和C(正式而又空洞)是该题的最佳答案。

【正确答案】

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为组织结构题，要求考生能够辨认出讲座的要点、细节和例证，注意到表示介绍、结论、话题转换的语言提示，并能够察觉到离题话和插入话，从而把握讲座的组织结构。题目问：材料中讨论了教师与学生之间的隔阂问题，要求考生根据问题出现的先后顺序进行选择。考生在听的过程中可以做笔记，并利用排除法排除多余选项。