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Couples undergoing IVF (in vitro fertilization) treatment could be given the option to pick the "smartest" embryo within the next 10 years, a leading US scientist has predicted. Stephen Hsu, senior vice president for research at Michigan State University, said scientific advances mean it will soon be feasible to reliably rank embryos according to potential IQ, posing profound ethical questions for society about whether or not the technology should be adopted. Hsu' s company, Genomic Prediction, already offers a test aimed at screening out embryos with abnormally low IQ to couples being treated at fertility clinics in the US. "Accurate IQ predictors will be possible, if not the next five years, the next 10 years certainly," Hsu told the Guardian. "I predict certain countries will adopt them." The prospect of a new generation of genetically selected babies has prompted concerns about unintended medical consequences and the potential for deepening existing social inequalities. The science underpinning the claim that intelligence can be meaningfully predicted by genetic tests is also contentious. Peter Donnelly, a professor of statistical science at the University of Oxford, said any such IQ predictions should be treated with "huge caution", adding: "I have grave misgivings about it on ethical grounds. I think it' s a really bad idea." Since 1990s, couples undergoing IVF have been able to screen their embryos for mutations in single genes that cause serious diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as well as conditions like Down's syndrome, caused by chromosome abnormalities. Many other traits, including height, physical appearance, intelligence and disease susceptibility, are known to be partly heritable. But because the genetic component is spread thinly over hundreds or even thousands of DNA regions, it has previously been impossible to screen for these traits. In the past decade, as vast genetic databases have been established, this picture has changed. Through analyzing many genes, each making a tiny contribution, it has been possible to calculate what are called polygenic risk scores, which give a person' s likelihood of getting a particular disease or having a certain trait. Genomic Prediction is the first company to take embryo screening into this grey area of risk forecasting, offering to alert couples if an embryo has an "outlier" score for risk of cancers, diabetes, heart disease, dwarfism or low IQ. Prediction for IQ is not good enough to give a reliable ranking, but Hsu said that knowing an embryo has a low score could still be desirable. The company projects that once high-quality genetic and academic achievement data from a million individuals becomes available, expected to be within five to 10 years, it will be able to predict IQ to within about 10 points.
单选题31.Which of the following is true according to Stephen Hsu?
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】根据选项定位到原文。根据A项的ethical可定位到第二段最后一部分…posing profound ethical questions for society about whether or not the technology should be adopted，即“人们是否应该使用这项技术将是一个深刻的社会伦理问题”，由此可知A项错误。B项可定位到第二段中的…said scientific advances mean it will soon be feasible to reliably rank embryos“科学进步意味着人类不久就能够对胚胎的潜在智商给出可靠的评分”，其中The development of science and technology与scientific advances，possible与feasible为同义替换，因此B项正确。C项可定位到第三段第二句“徐道辉认为准确的智商预测是可能的．即使不是在未来5年内，在未来10年内也肯定可以成为现实”，因此C项错误。D项可定位到第三段最后一句“我预计一些国家会采纳这项技术”，因此前半句正确，后半句“有些国家会拒绝采用这项技术”文中没有提及，错误。在文中所提到的时间不仅是5年．还有10年，而且句中的possible表示可能性，因此D项表述不严谨。故本题选B。
单选题32.Stephen Hsu' s attitude to predicting IQ of embryos can be described as______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】根据题干定位到原文引用Stephen Hsu的话及其行动上，根据第三段“他创办的基因组预测公司已经为在美国不孕不育诊所接受治疗的夫妇提供了一项检测服务，旨在筛查出智商异常低的胚胎”以及他曾提出的Accurate IO predictors will be possible，if not the next five years，the next 10 years certainly“准确的智商预测是可能的，即使不是在未来5年内，在未来10年内也肯定可以成为现实”，由此可推知，徐道辉对此持支持的观点。因此B项“悲观的”、C项“不赞同的”和D项“中立的”均错误。故本题选A。
单选题33.The word "contentious" (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】根据题干关键词可定位到原文第四段第二句The science underpinning the claim that intelligence can be meaningfully predicted by genetic tests is also contentious，即“基因检测能够有效预测智商的科学技术也 ”，根据also可知，本句与上句为递进关系，根据上文句意“新一代基因选择婴儿的前景引发了人们对于意外医疗后果和现有社会不平等可能加剧问题的担忧”可知，contentious应为消极的词汇，可排除A项“令人满意的”和B项“随和的，轻松的”。D项“竞争性的”与原文没有关系，因此C项正确。此外，考生也可以根据下文推测这一单词的含义，下文引用牛津大学统计学教授彼得-唐纳利的话，表明他对这一技术感到担忧，并不赞同这一技术。由此可推知，人们对这一技术持不同的看法，是“有争议的”。故本题选C。
单选题34.Some traits such as height and physical appearance failed to be screened many years ago for the reason that______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】根据题干信息可定位到原文第五段。A项“身高和外貌等特征被认为有部分遗传性”说法正确，但不是题干“许多年前这些特征不能进行筛选”的原因，故错误。B项说法错误，根据第五段第一句可知，能造成严重疾病的是单个基因的突变，而不是这些特性。C项原文没有提及人们对筛选这些特征的看法，故错误。D项可定位到第五段最后一句But because the genetic component is spread thinly over hundreds or even thousands of DNA regions，it has previously been impossible to screen for these traits，即“但由于遗传成分稀疏地分散在数百甚至数千个DNA区域，在以前无法对这些特征进行筛选”，而不能筛选的原因就是“技术的落后”，可从第二段scientific advances mean…得出，因此D项说法正确。故本题选D。
单选题35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?