单选题 There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering (1) questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between (2) phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that (3) to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and (3) for applying the findings of science. Another (5) between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.
Progress in science (6) the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of (7) and certainty, cannot (8) their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or (9) people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is (10) than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But (11) so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. (12) science, progress in technology must be measured (13) the human factor. The purpose of technology is to serve people—people (14) , not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to (15) advantage for themselves.
We are all familiar with the (16) use of technology. Many people blame technology itself (17) widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in general—so much (18) the promise of technology is " (19) " That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not (20) a better world, what else will?

单选题 [A] abstract [B] theoretical [C] profound [D] concrete
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据主题句“科学与技术之间存在着差异”及后半句“技术是解决实际问题的方法”中的practical,可以判断答案为theoretical,意为“理论的”,与practical相对应,其他选项不合文意。[A]abstract“抽象的”;[C]profound“深刻的”;[D]concrete“具体的,实质性的”。
单选题 [A] discernible [B] negligible [C] sustainable [D] observable
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】自然界的现象是可以观察得到或能够看得到的,所以选observable,意为“可见的,值得注意的”,其他选项不合文意。[A]discernible意为“可辨别的,可以理解的”,强调在看过或思考后能够注意到或理解某事;[B]negligible意为“可以忽略的,微不足道的”;[C]sustainable“可以维持的,可以支撑的”。
单选题 [A] serve [B] assume [C] intend [D] prove
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】首先排除用人作主语的[B]assume“设想,假定”和[C]intend“想要,打算”。根据文意,这里讲述理论的目的或用途,而不是理论的证明作用,所以排除[D]prove“证明,证实”,因此选[A],serve意为“适用,有用”,如:A simple example will serve to illustrate this point.“一个简单的例子就能解释这一点。”
单选题 [A] procedures [B] facilities [C] proceedings [D] apparatuses
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据句子逻辑,选项应该与tools和techniques在语意上有并列关系,与做事情的工具和工艺相关,所以选[A],procedures意为“程序,步骤”。其他选项不合文意。[B]facilities意为“设备,设施,便利条件”;[C]proceedings意为“会议记录,学报”;[D]apparatuses指专门用于科学、医学和技术用途的“器械,设备”。
单选题 [A] implication [B] friction [C] discrimination [D] distinction
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据主题句可以判定文章主要讲述科学与技术之间的区别,因此选择[D],distinction意为“差别,区分”,其他选项不合文意。[A]implication“含义,暗示”;[B]friction“摩擦,摩擦力”;[C]discrimination“辨别,歧视”。
单选题 [A] distracts [B] excludes [C] expels [D] disposes
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】这段主要讲述科学的发展不考虑人的因素,而技术的进步必须根据它带给人们的用途来衡量。根据文意,只能选择[B],excludes意为“把……排斥在外,不容许……的存在”,如:The universal truth excludes all doubt.“普遍真理不容任何怀疑。”其他选项不合文意。[A]distracts“分神,打扰”,如:The noise in the street distracted me from my reading.“街上的喧闹声使我不能专注读书。”[C]expels“把……开除,驱逐”。[D]disposes“处理,处置”,如:dispose of the old newspapers“把旧报纸处理掉”。
单选题 [A] integrity [B] loyalty [C] accuracy [D] consistency
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】选项应该与certainty“确定性”在语意上并列,所以选择accuracy“精确性”,其他选项不合文意。[A]integrity“正直,诚实,完整性”;[B]loyalty“忠诚”;[D]consistency“前后一致性”。
单选题 [A] ward off [B] make use of [C] work up [D] pay attention to
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据文意,科学家不能关注人们的喜恶,所以选[D],pay attention to意为“注意”,其他选项不合文意。[A]ward off“防止,避开”;[B]make use of“利用”;[C]work up“激起,逐渐上升”。
单选题 [A] anger [B] flare [C] ignite [D] blare
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】句中or结构前后的两个成分在语意上应该有并列或递进关系,能够与shock并列的选项只有[A],anger意为“激怒,使发怒”,其他选项不合文意。[B]flare意为“闪耀,闪烁”,短语flare up意为“突然发怒”;[C]ignite“点火,引燃”;[D]blare“高声呜叫”。
单选题 [A] better [B] other [C] less [D] more
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】more than置于形容词前表示强调作用,因此选[D],如:be more than willing to help“非常愿意帮忙”。其他选项不合文意或用法。
单选题 [A] hardly [B] nearly [C] virtually [D] rarely
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据文章主题,科学与技术存在着差异,可以判断该选项含有否定意义,首先排除[B]nearly“几乎”和[C]virtually“事实上”;而[D]rarely“很少”表示时间频率,与文意不合,因此选[A]。
单选题 [A] Without [B] Despite [C] Unlike [D] Regarding
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】科学的进步不容考虑人的因素,而技术的进步必须根据人的因素衡量,两者截然不同,所以选[C],其他选项不合文意。
单选题 [A] in terms of [B] by means of [C] by virtue of [D] as a result of
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】该句说明衡量技术进步的根据,所以选[A],in terms of意为“依据,按照”,其他选项不合文意。[B]by means of“借助于,用”,通常指使用某个方法或系统,如:lift a weight by means of a lever“用杠杆抬起重物”。[C]by virtue of“凭借,由于”,如:She became a British citizen by virtue of her marriage.“她因为结婚而变成了英国公民。”[D]as a result of“由于……的结果”。
单选题 [A] in nature [B] on average [C] on the whole [D] in general
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据后面的not merely some people可以判断作者在指大多数人,所以排除[A]in nature“本质上”和[B]on average“平均,一般说来”;[C]on the whole“总的来说”一般作状语修饰整个句子或某些句中成分,如:On the whole,life was much quieter after John left.“总的说来,约翰离开后,生活更安静了。”由于选择项在句中作后置定语,所以选[D],in general意为“大体上”,如:People in general will support US.“多数人们会支持我们。”
单选题 [A] take [B] gain [C] make [D] win
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】与advantage构成搭配的常用表达法为:take advantage of sth./sb.“利用某事/某人”;have/gain and advantage over“胜过,优于”,因此选[B],其他选项不合搭配或用法。
单选题 [A] invalid [B] illiterate [C] indecent [D] improper
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】对技术的使用可以是不恰当的,所以选[D],improper意为“不适合的,不适当的”。其他选项不合文意。[A]invalid“无效的,作废的”;[B]illiterate“文盲的,未受教育的”;[C]indecent“不体面的,不合礼仪的”。
单选题 [A] for [B] on [C] with [D] of
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】blame的常用短语包括:blame sb. for sth.“为某事责怪某人”;blame sth. on sb.“把某事归咎于某人”。根据上下文只能选择[A],其他选项不合文意或搭配。
单选题 [A] in that [B] as if [C] so that [D] if only
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】两个句子间没有因果关系,所以排除[A]in that;也没有比拟关系,排除[B]as if;也没有表示愿望的含义,所以排除[D]if only。因此选[C],so that引导结果状语从句。
单选题 [A] discharged [B] sophisticated [C] obscured [D] dissolved
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据下文That promise is a cleaner and healthier world.“技术的前景是一个更清洁、更健康的世界。”可以推断现在的状况恰恰相反,所以选[C],obscured意为“被模糊的,被遮住的”,其他选项不合文意。[A]discharged“被排除的,被释放的”;[B]sophisticated“世故的,复杂的”;[D]dissolved“溶解的”。
单选题 [A] turn into [B] amount to [C] go into [D] lead to
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】lead to意为“导致”,其他选项不合文意。[A]turn into“变成”;[B]amount to“合计,等同”,如:All his fine words amount to nothing.“他的漂亮的言辞实在毫无意义。”[C]go into“进入,调查”。