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.How Animals Regulate Their Body Temperatures
Both land and water animals possess a variety of ways to regulate their body temperatures to avoid overheating or freezing. Nearly all mammals and birds are endotherms that can control their internal body temperatures without external means. In contrast, most reptiles, amphibians, and fish are ectotherms that require external sources to adjust their body temperatures.
Mammals and birds maintain their body temperatures mainly through the metabolizing of food, which generates internal heat. In extreme environments, however, they rely on other methods. The fur of most mammals acts like a warm coat, and mammals living in polar climates, such as polar bears, walruses, and seals, additionally have thick layers of blubber providing them with extra protection. Birds' feathers act in a similar manner and also keep water away from their skin, thereby preventing them from getting too cold. Numerous mammals and birds build lairs or nests that can keep them warm in frigid conditions, too. In tropical zones, many endotherms sweat to make their skin cooler and to draw heat from their bodies. Most fur-bearing mammals cannot sweat well and therefore pant through the mouth, which increases the evaporation that removes heat and cools their bodies. As for birds, they may flap their wings close to their throats to cool down.
Both land and water animals possess a variety of ways to regulate their body temperatures to avoid overheating or freezing. Nearly all mammals and birds are endotherms that can control their internal body temperatures without external means. In contrast, most reptiles, amphibians, and fish are ectotherms that require external sources to adjust their body temperatures.
Mammals and birds maintain their body temperatures mainly through the metabolizing of food, which generates internal heat. In extreme environments, however, they rely on other methods. The fur of most mammals acts like a warm coat, and mammals living in polar climates, such as polar bears, walruses, and seals, additionally have thick layers of blubber providing them with extra protection. Birds' feathers act in a similar manner and also keep water away from their skin, thereby preventing them from getting too cold. Numerous mammals and birds build lairs or nests that can keep them warm in frigid conditions, too. In tropical zones, many endotherms sweat to make their skin cooler and to draw heat from their bodies. Most fur-bearing mammals cannot sweat well and therefore pant through the mouth, which increases the evaporation that removes heat and cools their bodies. As for birds, they may flap their wings close to their throats to cool down.
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3. Ectotherms typically regulate their body temperatures by using the environment. Lizards and snakes lie on hot rocks to absorb heat from the sun or find shaded spots when it is overly hot. In some cases, they climb to higher, cooler spots when the temperature becomes too hot. Crocodiles and other reptiles bury themselves in cool mud to escape from the heat while fish seek warm currents to maintain their body temperatures or spend time near the surface, where sunlight heats the water. Some species of fish have internal methods to control their temperatures though. For example, tuna swimming in cold water can transfer warm blood from the heart to the outer regions of their bodies. Additionally, some Arctic fish have special enzymes that act like antifreeze and prevent their cells from freezing in extremely cold temperatures.
*metabolize: to undergo the basic functions of one's body
*evaporation: the act of changing from a liquid or solid state to a gaseous one
Select the appropriate statements from the answer choices and match them to the type of animal to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used.
*metabolize: to undergo the basic functions of one's body
*evaporation: the act of changing from a liquid or solid state to a gaseous one
Select the appropriate statements from the answer choices and match them to the type of animal to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used.
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4. Mapping
The following chart shows the structure of the passage. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.
The following chart shows the structure of the passage. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.
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5. Summary
The following is a summary of the passage. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.
Land and water animals use various ways to keep 5 . Mammals and birds are mostly 6 whereas reptiles, amphibians, and fish are primarily 7 . Endotherms can control their internal body temperatures by 8 food. They also use fur, blubber, and feathers. They may build 9 to keep warm and sweat to become cooler. Ectotherms need external 10 such as the sun to adjust their body temperatures. They may lie in the sun or cool off in shady spots. Some 11 themselves in mud to stay cool. Certain fish, such as tuna and Arctic fish, are capable of controlling their temperatures 12 though.
The following is a summary of the passage. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.
Land and water animals use various ways to keep 5 . Mammals and birds are mostly 6 whereas reptiles, amphibians, and fish are primarily 7 . Endotherms can control their internal body temperatures by 8 food. They also use fur, blubber, and feathers. They may build 9 to keep warm and sweat to become cooler. Ectotherms need external 10 such as the sun to adjust their body temperatures. They may lie in the sun or cool off in shady spots. Some 11 themselves in mud to stay cool. Certain fish, such as tuna and Arctic fish, are capable of controlling their temperatures 12 though.
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