单选题
One of the most important results of research into ageing has been to pinpoint the significance of short-term memory. This faculty is easily (1) as ageing advances. What seems to (2) is that information is received by the brain, (3) scans it for meaning in order to decode it at some future time. It looks as if the actual (4) of the short-term memory itself may not change too much (5) age. A young man and a man in his late fifties may (6) be able to remember and repeat a(n) (7) of eight numbers recited to them. But what (8) change is that when the older man is asked to remember anything (9) between the time he is first given the numbers to memorise and the time he is asked to (10) them, he will be much less likely to remember the (11) numbers than the young man. This is because the scanning stage is more easily (12) by other activities in (13) people. In (14) living one experiences this as a fairly minor (15) -- a telephone number forgotten while one looks (16) an area code, or the first part of (17) street directions confused with the last because the last 'turn lefts' and 'turn rights' have interfered (18) remembering the first directions. In more formal learning, however, the (19) of short-term memory is more than just a mild social embarrassment. It can be a serious bar to further (20) or indeed to any progress at all.
【答案解析】本句解释人脑记忆的基本原理。整句结构为:What引导的是主语从句.系动词后面是表语从句“that information is received by the brain…”。可以看出,主语是短期记忆过程中所发生的事情,故A项“happen”正确。 work作不及物动词时,它的含义是“起作用,正常运转”,放在这里不符文意。exist表示某种存在的状态,但文中指的却是一个事物发生的动态过程。do作不及物动词时也没有“发生”的含义。
【答案解析】average意为平均数,放在文中,“an average of eight numbers”谈的是年轻人和老年人平均能记住的八个数字。语意通顺,符合题意。an amount of后接不可数的事物,意为“大量的”,放在这里不合适。而percentage和 proportion都无法与后面的eight numbers搭配。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】本题首先考查时态。首先,本文前面一直在用一般现在时,所以这里也应该用一般现在时,而C项“does”符合要求。其次,本句由but引导,表转折,这与前面“not change too much”相对应。这里用“does change”表示强调。因此,C项正确。其余选项或为过去时,或为将来时,且都不表示强调。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】第一处空白处谈到短期记忆能力“is easily disturbed”,随后又谈到老年人和年轻人记忆的容量本身是相同的,可以看出老年人和年轻人的差别在于对干扰的耐受力不同。而本空白处下文(12空白处)谈到“is more easily…by other activities”,由此可以看出,本空白处应该指在记忆数字的间隙让他们记忆其他东西,从而形成干扰。故A项“else”正确。“more”放在这里不合适,因为文中强调的是其他事物的记忆会对原来的记忆造成干扰,而不是强调是否能记更多的事情。particular和special都没有“其他”的含义,不正确。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】“the rune he is asked to…them”显然是指将记忆的数字复述出来的时候。四个选项中仅有“repeat”有复述的含义,故D项正确。