【答案解析】{{B}}Combating Underage Drinking{{/B}}
{{I}}More young people drink alcohol than use other drugs or smoke tobacco,
and underage drinking costs the nation an estimated $53 billion{{/I}} annually in
losses stemming from traffic fatalities, violent crime, and other behaviors that
threaten the well-being of America's youth. Curbing underage drinking is an
uphill battle because alcohol is legal and readily available to adults. To
tackle the problem, {{U}}a new report from the National Research Council and
Institute of Medicine of the National Academies offers a comprehensive strategy
that requires a deep, shared commitment from many institutions and
individuals,{{/U}} including {{I}}alcohol manufacturers and retail businesses, the
entertainment industry, and parents and other adults in local
communities.{{/I}}
{{I}}"All segments of U.S. society should address
underage drinking in a serious, coordinated, and sustained manner,"{{/I}} said
Richard J. Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and director of the Institute
of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, and chair of the committee that wrote the report. {{I}}"We have
to find effective ways to protect our nation's youth while we respect the
interests of responsible adult consumers of alcohol.{{/I}} The recommendations in
this report attempt to strike the right balance." {{U}}The congressionally
mandated study lays out a strategy that includes heightened adult supervision of
children's behavior and calls upon the alcohol and entertainment industries to
take stronger steps to shield young people from unsuitable messages about
alcohol consumption.{{/U}} Taken as a whole, the plan would have a considerable
impact, the committee said, adding that the strategy should be subject to
ongoing refinement.
{{U}}Most adults express concern about
underage drinking and voice support for public policies to curb it.{{/U}} Yet
surveys show that {{I}}youth often obtain alcohol from adults.{{/I}} Studies also
show that {{I}}many parents underestimate both the extent of the problem{{/I}} and
their own children's alcohol-consumption habits.
{{U}}States and
localities should use a wide range of educational and enforcement measures to
boost compliance with laws that prohibit selling or providing alcohol to
children, adolescents, and young adults{{/U}} under the legal drinking age of 21.
The aim is to deter adults and youths alike, the report says. Among the
recommended measures, {{I}}steps are increasing the frequency of compliance
checks,{{/I}} in which authorities monitor whether businesses are obeying
minimum-drinking-age laws and levy fines when necessary, and requiring all
sellers and servers of alcohol to complete state-approved training as a
condition of employment. Likewise, the federal government should require states
to achieve specified rates of retailer compliance with youth-access laws as a
condition of receiving federal funds. And {{I}}states should enhance efforts to
prevent and detect the use of false identification{{/I}} by minors who want to
purchase alcohol—for example, by issuing drivers' licenses and state ID cards
that can be electronically scanned.
In addition, states that
allow {{I}}Internet sales and home delivery of alcohol{{/I}} should adopt
regulations that require customers to sign statements verifying their identity
and age at the time of delivery. At the local level, police, working with
community leaders, should create policies for {{I}}detecting and shutting down
underage drinking parties,{{/I}} the report says. Likewise, {{U}}the federal
government should fund and actively support the development of a national media
campaign to encourage parents and other adults to take steps in their own
households and neighbor hoods to discourage underage drinking. Officials should
carefully craft this activity to make sure that it would reach a diverse
audience,{{/U}} the report says.
[听力原文]
{{B}}Combating Underage Drinking{{/B}}
More
young people drink alcohol than use other drugs or smoke tobacco, and underage
drinking costs the nation an estimated $53 billion annually in losses stemming
from traffic fatalities, violent crime, and other behaviors that threaten the
well-being of America's youth. Curbing underage drinking is an uphill battle
because alcohol is legal and readily available to adults. To tackle the problem,
a new report from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine of the
National Academies offers a comprehensive strategy that requires a deep, shared
commitment from many institutions and individuals, including alcohol
manufacturers and retail businesses, the entertainment industry, and parents and
other adults in local communities.
"All segments of U.S. society
should address underage drinking in a serious, coordinated, and sustained
manner," said Richard J. Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and director of
the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, and chair of the committee that wrote the report. "We
have to find effective ways to protect our nation's youth while we respect the
interests of responsible adult consumers of alcohol. The recommendations in this
report attempt to strike the right balance." The congressionally man dated study
lays out a strategy that includes heightened adult supervision of children's
behavior and calls upon the alcohol and entertainment industries to take
stronger steps to shield young people from unsuitable messages about alcohol
consumption. Taken as a whole, the plan would have a considerable impact, the
committee said, adding that the strategy should be subject to ongoing
refinement.
Most adults express concern about underage drinking
and voice support for public policies to curb it. Yet surveys show that youth
often obtain alcohol from adults. Studies also show that many parents
underestimate both the extent of the problem and their own children's alcohol
consumption habits.
States and localities should use a wide
range of educational and enforcement measures to boost compliance with laws that
prohibit selling or providing alcohol to children, adolescents, and young adults
under the legal drinking age of 21. The aim is to deter adults and youths alike,
the report says. Among the recommended measures, steps are increasing the
frequency of compliance checks, in which authorities monitor whether businesses
are obeying minimum-drinking age laws and levy fines when necessary, and
requiring all sellers and servers of alcohol to complete state-approved training
as a condition of employment. Likewise, the federal government should require
states to achieve specified rates of retailer compliance with youth-access laws
as a condition of receiving federal funds. And states should enhance efforts to
prevent and detect the use of false identification by minors who want to
purchase alcohol—for example, by issuing drivers' licenses and state ID cards
that can be electronically scanned.
In addition, states that
allow Internet sales and home delivery of alcohol should adopt regulations that
require customers to sign statements verifying their identity and age at the
time of delivery. At the local level, police, working with community leaders,
should create policies for detecting and shutting down underage drinking
parties, the report says. Likewise, the federal government should fund and
actively support the development of a national media campaign to encourage
parents and other adults to take steps in their own households and neighborhoods
to discourage underage drinking. Officials should carefully craft this activity
to make sure that it would reach a diverse audience, the report
says.
本题要求就所听材料写综述，那么在听的过程中理清文章主要结构是必要的。具体操作手段是先根据所听的标题判断全文的重心所在。如本篇文章的标题是Combating
Underage
Drinking(与未成年人饮酒问题作斗争)，那么与此有关的信息，像斗争的方针、手段、策略或结果等均可成为本文框架性内容：此外，除框架性内容以外，综述中还应根据情况补充与主题和框架结构相关的支持性细节，使综述得以丰满。
本文主要思路是与未成年人饮酒作斗争。全文围绕国家权威机构提出的报告进行，主要介绍了这份报告的内容及主导思想。因此该报告中的宏观思路或手段应构成综述的框架性内容，也成为解题的高分词汇部分；围绕这一报告主题内容的具体细节部分则构成综述的细节词汇部分。
一、高分词汇
1．...a
new report from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine of the
National Academies offers a comprehensive strategy that requires a deep, shared
commitment from many institutions and individuals...
[分析]
该句提到了报告直奔全文主题，其中所说的策略要求具有宏观性，成为综述框架结构的一部分。
[要点表达] 1) the National Research
Council国家研究委员会
2) Institute of Medicine of the National
Academies国家科学院医学研究所
3) strategy 策略
4) deep,
shared commitment 全面共同的承诺
2．The congressionally mandated study lays out a
strategy that includes heightened adult supervision of children's behavior and
calls upon the alcohol and entertainment industries to take stronger steps to
shield young people from unsuitable messages about alcohol consumption．
[分析]
本句高度概括报告内容，因此成为框架性结构的一部分。
[要点表达] 1) congressionally mandated study
由最高国家立法机关授权的研究
2) lay out 制定
3) heighten adult
supervision of children's behavior 强调成人对儿童行为的监控
4) call upon
号召
5) take stronger steps 采取更为强有力的措施
6) shield
young people from unsuitable messages 保护年轻人免受不良信息的干扰
3．Most adults express
concern about underage drinking and voice support for public policies to curb
it.
[分析] 该句为报告的重点内容提供了重要的背景信息，因此成为框架性结构的一部分。
[要点表达] 1) express concern
about 表达对……的关心
2) voice support for 对……表示支持
3)
curb 约束，控制
4．States and localities should use a wide range of educational and
enforcement measures to boost compliance with laws that prohibit selling or
providing alcohol to children, adolescents, and young adults...
[分析]
该句为报告的重点内容之一，指出与未成年人饮酒问题作斗争的手段，因此成为框架性结构的一部分。
[要点表达] 1) a wide range of
广泛的
2) boost compliance with 遵守
5．...the federal government
should fund and actively support the development of a national media campaign to
encourage parents and other adults to take steps in their own households and
neighborhoods to discourage underage drinking. Officials should care fully craft
this activity to make sure that it would reach a diverse audience...
[分析]
该句也是报告的重点内容之一，从政府的高度指出与未成年人饮酒问题作斗争的手段，因此成为框架性结构的一部分。
[要点表达] 1) the federal
government 联邦政府
2) a national media campaign 全国性媒体运动
3) a diverse audience 广泛的民众
二、细节词汇
1．More young people drink alcohol
than use other drugs or smoke tobacco, and underage drinking costs the nation an
estimated $53 billion...
[分析]
本句以具体统计数字说明未成年人饮酒问题，为全文主要内容作了铺垫，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] 1) more...than...
比较级结构
2) underage drinking 未成年人饮酒
2．...alcohol manufacturers
and retail businesses, the entertainment industry, and parents and other adults
in local communities．
[分析] 具体说明报告中的重要参与者，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] 1) alcohol
manufacturers 酒精制造者
2) retail businesses 零售业
3)
entertainment industry 娱乐业
3．All segments of U.S. society should address
underage drinking in a serious, coordinated, and sustained manner...
[分析]
该句源于有关权威人士的话语，对该报告的产生作了交代，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] 1) segments 部分
2) address 把注意力集中于
3) serious, coordinated, and sustained
manner 严肃、协作、坚持不懈的态度和方式
4．We have to find effective ways to protect our
nation's youth while we respect the interests of responsible adult consumers of
alcohol.
[分析]
该句源于有关权威人士的话语，对该报告有关内容的产生作了交代，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] 1) effective
ways有效的方法
2) while 与……同时
3) interests
利益
4) responsible adult consumers of alcohol
有责任心的酒类消费成年人
5．...youth often obtain alcohol from adults．
[分析]
该句说明了报告主要策略的背景原因，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] obtain...from 从……得到
6．Studies also
show that many parents underestimate both the extent of the problem...
[分析]
该句也说明了报告主要策略的背景原因，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] underestimate 低估
7．...steps are
increasing the frequency of compliance checks...
[分析]
本句属于报告宏观措施下的具体实施环节，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] increase the frequency of compliance
checks 加强检查的频度
8．...states should enhance efforts to prevent and detect the
use of false identification...
[分析]
本句是对报告宏观措施的具体解释说明，属于报告宏观措施下的具体实施环节，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] 1) enhance efforts
加强努力
2) false identification 虚假身份证明
9．Internet sales and home
delivery of alcohol...
[分析] 本短语是涉及报告主要内容的重要补充信息，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] 1)
Internet Sales 网络销售
2) home delivery 送货上门
10．detecting and
shutting down underage drinking parties...
[分析]
本句属于报告宏观措施下的具体实施环节，因此是支持性细节部分。
[要点表达] shut down 关闭，制止