单选题 "The imperative to self-knowledge has always been at the heart of philosophical inquiry," wrote MIT professor Sherry Turkle in the insightful book about the web and the self, Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. Published in 1995 as the second part of a trilogy that examined our relationships with technology, it looked at how we are who we are in online spaces. And what that means for us offline.
The good news is that the results are positive: "Play has always been an important aspect of our individual efforts to build identity," she said, referencing developmental psychologist Erik Erikson, and nodding to the theories of psychoanalysts Freud, Lacan and Jung. "In terms of our views of the self," she wrote, "new images of multiplicity, heterogeneity, flexibility, and fragmentation dominate current thinking about human identity. "
At the time Life on the Screen was released, most of the visitors were college students and their professors from a remarkably small talent pool, and a surprisingly small geography. They were tech-savvy, and generically open-minded about the new fields of virtual exploration that lay within the networks of this new communication platform. They were, in other words, liberal, enlightened types who were more willing to embrace the unprecedented fluidity of self-expression that this new technology uniquely afforded.
As a psychoanalyst and a web user herself, Turkle spent much of the book explaining why the articulation of multiple personalities wasn't pathological. Contrary to its Latin root, identity need not mean "the same", she argued. "No one aspect can be claimed as the absolute, true self", she wrote, maintaining that the web allowed us the opportunity to get to know our "inner diversity". In the great psychoanalytic tradition, she said that self-actualisation meant coming to terms with who we are, and integrating each aspect of it into a coherent and well-integrated us.
Almost everyone has experienced this kind of identity play. Even if you've never ventured into an online game or been a signed-up member of a web community, you've probably developed a profile for a social network, written a blog, styled a website, commented on an article. But things are different from the time when Turkle was writing Life on the Screen. Nowadays, our virtual social lives are increasingly integrated. with our offline social lives. The freedom of expression is curtailed by the threat of offline consequences from online actions. Today, your reputation offline is far more closely tied to your reputation online than before. In fact, our experience of contemporary identity online is disarmingly similar to offline.
However, I still subscribe to the old Turkle. Consequence-free online environments allow us to practise and play without fear of offline effect, and offer an extraordinary place to experience the fluidity of our selves: I can be anyone, even a dog. As Tom MacMaster found, there still are places online where this is possible.

单选题 From the first sentence we know that
[A] inquiry into online identity has become a philosophical concern.
[B] philosophers put high premium on the nature of knowledge.
[C] the search for identity is an eternal theme of philosophical inquiry.
[D] philosophers are exploring our relationships with the Internet.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】第一句话是一个引子，引出后文要讨论的主要问题，它的意思是：了解自己是哲学研究的根本问题，即哲学一直关注自我认识问题。本文主要介绍了Turkle的新书，她研究了how we are who we are in online spaces和what that means for us offline，她在书中提到的主要观点是：我们的网上身份与网下身份比以往联系得更加紧密。
单选题 It is implied in the second paragraph that
[A] Erikson also explores the role of play in shaping identity.
[B] modern society takes a positive attitude to psychoanalysis.
[C] Freud's psychoanalysis has lost its value in modern society.
[D] psychologists themselves are confused about human identity.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】第二段提到Turkle的观点，她认为游戏是个体塑造身份的一个重要手段，当她说这样的话的时候，她在引用Erickson，也就是说她赞同Erikson的看法，认为游戏对塑造自我很重要。在这句话中，reference是动词，意为“在书中或文章中对……进行引用”。第二段提到的这几个人都是著名的心理分析学家，心理分析研究的一个重要领域是自我认同问题，即我们如何看待自己。
单选题 To which of the following statements does Turkle agree?
[A] Our inner diversity is complicated by our wish for self-actualization.
[B] Our online identity is characterized by multiplicity and flexibility.
[C] The articulation of our online identity is made impossible by its fluidity.
[D] Our online identity is entirely different from our offline identity.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】Turkle在第二段中提到，我们目前对自我的认识出现下列趋势：multiplicity强调多样化，heterogeneity强调差别，flexibility强烈灵活性，fragmentation强调不统一、不完整。这与强调人格统一和完整的传统心理学理论形成鲜明对比。下一段和最后一段中提到的fluidity也表达了这个基本意思，这里所谓“流动性”，指不确定型，即不僵化，不统一，可变性强。
单选题 According to the author, almost everyone has tried to
[A] sign up for an online game with a website.
[B] change his lifestyle by networking with online visitors.
[C] associate his online life with his of f line reputation.
[D] construct an online identity in one way or another.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】第五段提到，每一个人都经历过这样的身份游戏。这里this kind of identity play指上一段最后两句提到的现象，即网络给了每一个人了解我们内在多样化的机会，让我们学会接受自己，把我们身份中每一个方面结合成一个整体。第五段提到，即使你没有上网打游戏、注册为某个网络社区的成员，你也可能通过写博客等为某个社会网络形成一个总体形象。这里所谓的develop a profile for a social network也是指建构一个网上身份。
单选题 The text is most likely to be
[A] a scientific report.
[B] a review of a book.
[C] a description of a new phenomenon.
[D] an account of a personal experience.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本文是一篇书评。第一段提到了Turkle的书《屏幕上的生活：网络时代的身份》，第二段之后介绍了书中的内容和书的作者的基本观点。但是，本文作者也指出，在网上和网下身份的问题上，现在的状况与Turkle写书的时代已经不同了。在现代社会中，人们不再有自由——自由在这里指网上做的事情不会对网下的生活产生影响，因为网上和网下生活紧密相连，这使得我们变得谨慎起来。作者在最后一段又回到Turkle的书，作者说他希望回到Turkle的书所描绘的那个时代，因为在那个时代里人们可以更充分地享受consequence-free online environment，想成为谁就成为谁。综观全文，本文更多地是评价了Turkle的书，表示了对这本书的认同。