填空题Parts of the following passage are missing. Listen and complete the passage
by filling each blank space with an appropriate word or words. There are twenty
words missing, each carrying 1 point. You will hear the passage only
once. For more than two centuries,
American's colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country's
progress. They have educated the technical, managerial, {{U}} {{U}}
1 {{/U}} {{/U}}and provided generation after generation of national
leaders. Today educators from around the globe are turning to U.S. institutions
of higher learning {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. They are apt to
find many reasons for the excellence of American universities, but {{U}}
{{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}stand out as watersheds:
Education {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}: In 1862 Congress enacted
the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher
education {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, including such
disenfranchised groups as women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell
large tracts of {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}and use the proceeds
to endow at least one public college. {{U}} {{U}}
7 {{/U}} {{/U}}: Over the years, the decentralization and diversity of
the America's colleges and universities have promoted competition for students
and resources. Competitive pressure first arose {{U}} {{U}} 8
{{/U}} {{/U}}. The academy's impact really grew after World War Ⅱ, when
{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}commissioned by President Roosevelt
argued that it was the federal government's responsibility to {{U}}
{{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}for basic research. Instead of being
centralized in government laboratories, scientific research {{U}} {{U}}
11 {{/U}} {{/U}}in American universities and generated increasing
investment. It also gave graduate students research opportunities and helped
{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}far and wide, to the benefit of
industry, medicine and society as a whole. {{U}} {{U}}
13 {{/U}} {{/U}}: The end of the World War Ⅱ saw passage of the
Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for {{U}}
{{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}for returning veterans, made an already
democratic higher-education system accessible in ways that were {{U}}
{{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}in Europe, opening the doors of the best
universities to men and women who had {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}}
{{/U}}of going to college. {{U}} {{U}} 17
{{/U}} {{/U}}: The creation of federal loan guarantees and subsidy programs,
as well as outright grants for college students brought {{U}} {{U}}
18 {{/U}} {{/U}}to higher education and further helped to democratize
access. Since its founding {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the
Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student
loans worth more than {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.