单选题
Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. However, the U.S. Army has now 27 that glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad 28 of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually 29 and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become 30 and the eye muscles ache. Nature 31 this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in 32 quantity until vision blurs, then is 33 , and the result is snow blindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects 34 on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is 35 . Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or 36 . In this way the problem ofcrossing a solid white terrain is overcome. A.landscape B.lost C.blurred D.increasing E.surveyed F.away G.determined H.arrested I.defined J.shifts K.obscured L.expanse M.offsets N.ahead O.sore
问答题
【正确答案】G
【答案解析】空格前为the U.S.Army has now,空格后是that引导的宾语从句,可知空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式,与前边的has构成现在完成时。备选项中的动词过去分同有lost、blurred、surveyed、determined、arrested.、defined. obscured。that之后的句子的意思是:“来自积雪的强光并非造成身处冰雪覆盖之地的军队患上‘雪盲症’的真正原因”,determined为正确答案,意为“确定”。 [参考译文] 许多人认为,来自积雪的强光能造成“雪盲症”。然而美国军方现已确定,来自积雪的强光并非造成身处冰雪覆盖之地的军队患上“雪盲症”的真正原因。相反,这是因为,在一片宽广、荒芜且积雪覆盖的地带,往往找不到任何事物能让人的视力集中。因此,人的目光总是不断地转换跳跃,来回扫视整个区域,以寻找目光能锁定的事物。由于一无所获,眼睛就会一直不停地搜索,时间一长眼球就开始变得酸胀,眼部肌肉也会感到疼痛起来。为了缓解这种刺激,眼睛会自然地分泌更多的液体来覆盖眼球。覆盖眼球的液体数量会不断增加,直到视线模糊,随后被完全遮蔽,其最终结果就是“雪盲症”。 通过实验,军队找到了一个简单的方法来克服这个问题。那就是对主力部队前面的侦察员进行训练,让他们将常青灌木上的积雪摇晃下来,为部队穿越积雪覆盖的区域时创造一条可参照的“点线”。甚至侦查员自己也要向前投掷重量轻、颜色深的物体,这样他们就可以集中视线。其身后的士兵们也有东西可看,视线会被“吸引”。他们的目光集中在了灌木上,有东西可看之后,视线就不会不停地在白雪皑皑的区域搜寻了。当他们的注意力集中在一个对象身上时,他们就能顺利地通过积雪区域,免受“雪盲症”之苦,也能避免迷路。这样一来,穿越“白色地带”的问题就解决了。
问答题
【正确答案】L
【答案解析】空格前为in a broad,空格后是of barren snow-covered terrain,可知空格处应填入名词,作broad所修饰的中心词。备选项中的名词或可作名词的有:landscape、shifts、expanse、offsets。barren snow-covered terrain意为“荒芜且积雪覆盖的地带”。本题应选L项expanse。landscape意为“风 景”,不能被broad修饰。其他几项在意思上和句意相差比较大,容易排除。
问答题
【正确答案】J
【答案解析】空格前为his gaze continually,空格后是and jumps back and forth,空格处应填入动词,且应为第三人称单数。备选项中符合条件的只有shifts和offsets。and结构意味着空格处的动词在意思上与jumps相近,故答案为J。此处意为“人的目光总是不断地转换跳跃,来回扫视整个区域”。
问答题
【正确答案】O
【答案解析】空格前为the eyeballs become,空格后是and the eye muscles ache。由become可知空格处应填入形容词作表语。备选项中的形容词或可作形容词的有:lost. blurred、increasing、surveyed、arrested、defined、obscured、sore。the eye muscles ache的意思是“眼部肌肉会感到疼痛”。O项sore的意思与之最接近,the eyeballs become sore即“眼球开始变得酸胀”。
问答题
【正确答案】M
【答案解析】空格前为Nature,空格后是this irritation by producing more fluid,空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数。备选项中符合条件的这时只有offsets.offsets意为“抵消,弥补”,nature可理解为“本性,天性”,此处的意思即“为了缓解这种刺激,眼睛会自然地分泌更多的液体来覆盖眼球”。
问答题
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】空格前为covers the eyeball in,空格后是quantity until vision blurs,空格处应填入形容词修饰quantity。备选项中的形容词或可用作形容词的还有:lost、blurred、increasing、surveyed、arrested、defined、 obscured。显然,in increasing quantity为正确的搭配,表示“越来越多”。
【答案解析】空格前为the scouts themselves throw light-weight,dark colored objects,空格后是on which they too can focus。即使没有空格处的词汇,句子结构也依然完整,故判断应填入副词。备选项有away和ahead。从语义上看,既然要使眼睛有一个“聚焦物”,人们就必须将它置于视线的前方。结合备选项,away意为“离开,远处”,throw away强调“抛弃,扔掉”,与语境不贴合,而ahead表示“向前”,符合文意,故选N。