Questions 41 to 50 are based on the following passage.
【真题来源：2018年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part Ⅲ，Section B，第36-45题】
Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress
A) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph's market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”
B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center's ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.
C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott's shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I'd have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I'm not sure they'd eat it. They just won't eat it.”
D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.
E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it's making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There's no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.
F) In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital's medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they're eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”
G) In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation's high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.
H) “It's a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients' nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.
I) Many people don't know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient's life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient's family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”
J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.
K) “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”
More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
美国人吃的食物中超过半数是工厂加工的。
根据题目中的food和factory-produced可定位到D段。该段第2句提到“在美国，超过50%的食物是加工食品”。题目中的More than half和factory-produced是对原文over 50 percent和processed food“加工食品”的同义替换。D段为本题信息出处。
There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.
有一个专门的项目派遣医生为食品店的购物者提供建议。
根据题目中的assigns doctors to和food stores可定位到B段第2句。该句提到“‘与医生一同采购’项目派遣医生到杂货店与患者见面，并为其他在场采购者答疑解惑”。题目中的special program与B段第2句中的‘Shop with Your Doc’program对应，assigns doctors to和food stores是对原文sends doctors to和grocery store的改写，give advice是对原文meet with any patients...with questions的概括。B段是本题信息出处。
There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.
越来越多的研究证据表明食物能帮助病患从各种疾病中康复。
根据题目中的growing evidence from research和food helps patients recover可定位到G段第2句。该句提到，越来越多的研究结果表明食物有治疗或逆转疾病的能力。题目中的growing evidence from research与原文的Research findings increasingly show对应，food helps patients recover from various illnesses是对原文the power of food to treat or reverse diseases的改写。G段是本题信息出处。
A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.
健康早餐可以方便快捷地准备好。
本题与breakfast“早餐”的制作有关，breakfast这一关键词并未在本文中直接出现，但与“早餐”制作相关的信息可在A段最后三句查找到。根据A段最后三句可知，纳多医生问斯科特是否“想过在早上做新鲜果汁”，随后补充提到“水果对大脑真的有好处，果汁做起来既快又简单”。题目中的breakfast与文中trying fresh juices in the morning对应，healthy相当于对文中really good for the brain的改写，can be prepared quickly and easily是对原文are quick and easy to prepare的同义替换。A段为本题信息出处。
Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.
训练患者烹饪健康食物可以改变他们的生活。
根据题目中的prepare healthy food和change their life可查找到I段第3句。该句提到，告诉人们什么是健康食品以及如何去烹饪健康食品，实际上可以改变患者的生活。题目中的Training a patient to prepare healthy food与原文中的teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them对应，change their life是对原文中transform a patient's life的同义替换。I段为本题信息出处。
One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.
一个“以食为药”项目不仅为患者开食疗处方，还教患者如何烹饪食物。
根据题目中的prescribes food for treatment和teaches patients how to cook it可定位到F段倒数第3句。该句提到，该项目将为患者提供几袋根据病情开出的食物，同时提供如何烹饪这些食物的强化训练。题目中的One food-as-medicine program与句中的The program对应，prescribes food for treatment是对文中offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition的简要概括，teaches patients how to cook it是对文中with intensive training in how to cook it的同义改写。F段为本题信息出处。
Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.
斯科特不热衷于自己做饭，因为她觉得这纯粹是浪费时间。
根据题目中的not keen on cooking food herself和a waste of time可定位到C段倒数第2句，该句提到，Scott问是否要自己制作食物(“So I'd have to make it?”)，一想到要花上大把时间做饭，到头来孩子们还不吃(just to have her kids reject it)，她的热情就消减了(her enthusiasm fading)。据此可推知，Scott不热衷于自己做饭，担心孩子不吃浪费时间。题目与此信息相符，故C段为本题信息出处。
Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.
糖尿病患者被建议多吃植物性食品。
本题与给糖尿病患者的建议有关，根据题目中的advised和eat more plant-based food可定位到J段末句。该句提到，许多生活方式医学专业的医师建议植物性饮食，尤其是糖尿病患者或其他炎症患者。题目中的Diabetes patients与原文people with diabetes同义，are advised to eat more plant-based food是对原文recommend a plant-based diet的同义改写。J段为本题信息出处。
Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.
将食物用作药物并不是新奇的想法，但最近这场运动正在取得进展。
根据题目中的the movement is making headway可定位到E段第2句。根据该句可知，“以食为药”运动已经进行了几十年，但随着医生和医疗机构正式采用饮食疗法，而不是仅仅依靠药物，这一运动正在取得进展。题目中的Using food as medicine和is no novel idea分别与原文的The food-as-medicine movement和has been around for decades对应，is making headway与it's making progress同义。E段为本题信息出处。
Americans' high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.
美国各种疾病的高发病率是由美国人的饮食方式导致的。
根据题目中的Americans' high rates of various illnesses可定位到G段倒数第2句冒号后的内容。根据该部分内容可知，美国人饮食中的盐、糖、脂肪和加丁食品导致了美国的高肥胖率、高糖尿病和心脏病发病率。题目概括了句中的因果关系，high rates of various illnesses是对原文high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease的概括，the way they eat与原文the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet对应。G段为本题信息出处。