Passage 2
Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.
When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic. The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”
Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted, inhibited, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly state that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.
According to the report, ________.
由第一段第二句话可知，短睡眠者们“...voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time”，他 们自愿减少睡眠时间。故排除A、B选项。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，长睡眠者们在晚上需要保持九 个小时的睡眠，全文没有提及他们白天的睡眠情况，故C错。D选项对应倒数第二段第二句话。故选D。
Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ________.
A、D选项均为长睡眠者的观点。B选项意为“睡眠影响他们的理性判断”，原文中未提及。C选项 对应原文第一段最后一句，最为贴切。
It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ________.
第三段第二句话提到“...their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed”，否认问题的存在也就是忽视了睡眠不足的后果，deny与neglect是对应的。A、C、D均未 在原文中体现。故选B。
When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ________.
定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句话，当没有获得充足睡眠时，长睡眠者们的反应是“quite concerned”（担忧，不安）。disturbed（不安的，扰乱的）。energetic有活力的。despaired绝望的。 extremely depressed极度沮丧的。与原文描述最接近的是A选项disturbed。
Which of the following is Not included in the passage?
由倒数第二段第一句可知B选项错误。