阅读理解 The question of ethics in the legal profession is one that has plagued industry since its inception. The common image of an attorney is one who will resort to any unethical trick to twist the laws to fit his purposes. In the more specific industry of criminal law, defense attorneys are often criticized for advocating on behalf of defendants who are "obviously guilty", thus becoming roadblocks on the path to justice. Much to the contrary, however, defense attorneys provide a valuable service that should earn them praise, not scorn.
While it is true that every lawyer will do everything within his power to interpret the laws in the manner most beneficial to his client, such a characterization is by no means limited to defense attorneys. The prosecution will do the same thing, employing all his legal knowledge and know-how to establish the guilt of the defendant. In this respect, the vague nature of the law is highlighted, and it becomes a virtual necessity for each side to use every tool at their disposal, on the assumption that the other side will also use every tool at his. The net result emerges as a positive, in which the tricks of the opposing attorneys cancel one another out, leaving only the truth, clearer and devoid of manipulation, presented for the jury's consideration.
Further, the defense attorney is a vital element of the American judicial system, in that without him the defendant would stand no chance whatsoever. Under the constitution, even the most "obviously guilty" defendants are guaranteed the right to a fair trial, involving someone able and willing to advocate on his behalf. Of course, there are bad apples in the industry who are unethical and care nothing for actual justice, and whose only concerns are their wallets. Generally speaking, however, without defense attorneys, the system would crumble into a mere machine in which defendants are assumed guilty, without a chance to argue or prove otherwise, and many innocent people falsely charged with crimes would be severely punished for transgressions that they didn't commit.
It is a basic fact that the adversarial system of justice in the United States is necessary in order to ensure the fairest and most unbiased presentation and evaluation of the facts possible. Without defense attorneys, that system cannot be carried out, and would result in a loss of the civil liberties that the nation enjoys and treasures. To that end, all of those who make that process a reality, including defense attorneys, deserve our support and admiration, not our suspicion and disdain.
单选题 16.The primary criticism directed at the legal profession is that______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】属事实细节题。相关信息在第一段二句:想到律师,头脑中出现的形象就是不择手段地曲解法律以达到其个人目的的人。由此可知,选项D与此相符。选项B、C(roundabout意为“迂回的,转弯抹角的”)都与本句的意思不符。选项A答非所问,是人们批评辩护律师的原因,而不是批评整个律师行业的原因。
单选题 17.According to the text, which of the following is not necessarily true?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】属事实细节题。选项A与第二段最后一句意思相符(由于双方律师都使尽浑身解数利用法律和事实,由此留给陪审团的只有更清晰的事实,没有人为的操纵)。选项C与第三段最后一句相符(没有辩护律师的司法制度,被告将根本没有机会反驳或证明自己无罪,许多无辜者将会错罚)。选项D与第二段第一句相符(毋庸讳言,每位律师都会竭尽全力对法律做出最有利于自己当事人的解释)。选项B与最后一段第一句不符,原文说为了确保所有的事实得到最公平、最公正的陈述和评价,美国的这种对抗性的司法制度是必需的,但并不是说对抗性的司法制度仅凭一己之力就能保证公平、公正,除此之外还有其他因素。因此,选项B是本题答案。
单选题 18.In light of the prevailing attitude toward defense attorneys, the author responds with ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】属态度推断题。题目问:关于人们对辩护律师所抱有的普遍看法,作者是如何应对的?第一段最后一句指出作者的真正态度:辩护律师的工作难能可贵,他们应该得到赞赏而不是蔑视。接下来的两段具体阐述了原因和论点,最后一段进行总结,重述主题:辩护律师应该得到我们的支持和钦佩,而不是怀疑和鄙视。显然,选项D正确。
单选题 19.The best title for this text would be______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】属主旨思想题。由上题的分析可知,文章的主题是为辩护律师的工作正名,消除人们的偏见和误解。因此,选项B作为题目最合适。选项A的范围太大,选项C的内容模糊,不能让读者一目了然;选项D超出了文章的内容。
单选题 20.It is argued that defense attorneys are a vital part of the judicial system due to the fact that without them, there would be no other way for______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】属事实细节题。相关信息出现在最后一段第二句:没有了辩护律师,该制度就无法得到落实,美国人所拥有并珍视的公民自由权利也将丧失。由此可知,选项B正确。选项A过于肤浅,并不是辩护律师在司法制度中不可或缺的原因。选项C、D无法从文中推出肯定的答案。