问答题 {{I}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.{{/I}}
Our own culture seems very natural to us. {{U}}58. We feel in our hearts that the way that we do things is the only right way to do them. Other people's cultures often make us laugh or feel disgusted or shocked.{{/U}} We may laugh at clothing that seems ridiculous to us. Many people think that eating octopus or a juicy red piece of roast beef is disgusting. The idea that a man can have more than one wife or that brothers and sisters can marry each other may shock other cultures.
Ideas of what is beautiful differ from one culture to another. {{U}}59. The Flathead Indians of North America used to bind the heads of babies between boards so they would have long sloping foreheads. In the Flathead culture, long sloping foreheads were beautiful. Other cultures might think that they are strange-looking and unattractive{{/U}}. A tirbe of Peruvian Indians shaped their children's skulls into tall, narrow, domes. The Chinese used to bind women's feet because they regarded small feet as beautiful. (These small feet were also a sign that the husband was wealthy. Because the women could not walk very well, they could not do much housework, and so the small feet showed that the husband could afford to have many servants. {{U}}60. Many people cut scars into their bodies or tattoo themselves so that others in their culture will think they are beautiful. Objects are inserted in holes in the nose, lips, and ears in a number of different cultures{{/U}}. In many twentieth-century societies, rouge, lipstick, eye shadow, perfume, and hair spray are all used to increase attractiveness.
When people die, different cultures dispose of their bodies in different ways. Sometimes bodies are burned. Sometimes bodies are buried in the ground. {{U}}61. In many cultures in the past, people were buried with food, weapons, jewelry, and other things that might be useful in the next life. For example, the ancient Egyptians buried people with little human figures made from clay. These clay figures were supposed to work for the dead person in the other world{{/U}}. A religious group called the Parsees exposed their dead bodies on platforms for birds to eat. Some people practice a second burial. After the bodies have been in the earth for several years, the bones are dug up and reburied, sometimes in a smaller container.
These are just a few of the many different customs that are found in different cultures. {{U}}62. Most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of different cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same things in different ways.{{/U}}
【正确答案】我们心里认为,自己的做事方式是唯一正确的。其他民族的文化往往会使我们感到可笑或恶心甚至震惊。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】从前,北美扁头印第安人往往把婴儿的头绑在两块木板之间,使他们的前额呈长长的倾斜状。在扁头文化中,长长的倾斜状前额被认为是美的。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】很多人在身上刺出疤痕或文身,使同文化中的人觉得他们很美。在许多不同的文化中,都有在鼻子、嘴唇和耳朵上扎孔悬挂饰物的做法。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】过去,在许多文化中,人们都用食物、武器、珠宝和其他物品陪葬,好让死者在来世享用。例如,古埃及人用小小的泥人陪葬,希望这些泥人会在阴间为死者干活。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】多数情况下,不同文化中的这些不同的习俗没有正确与错误之分,只是不同的人用不同的方式做相同的事而已。
【答案解析】