单选题 {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best
word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.
All Sumerian cities recognized a number
of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning
and evening star.{{U}} (1) {{/U}}the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of
fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower{{U}} (2) {{/U}}status
than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the{{U}} (3)
{{/U}}that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother
goddess had{{U}} (4) {{/U}}. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and{{U}}
(5) {{/U}}, and one's life a period of slavery at their easy will. The
epic poem The Creation emphasizes that{{U}} (6) {{/U}}were created to
enable the gods to{{U}} (7) {{/U}}up working. Each city moreover had its
own god, who was considered to{{U}} (8) {{/U}}the temple literally and
who was in theory the owner of all property within the city.{{U}} (9)
{{/U}}the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the{{U}}
(10) {{/U}}of the economic produce of the city were favored{{U}}
(11) {{/U}}their supernatural and material functions{{U}} (12)
{{/U}}. When, after 3000 B. C. , growing warfare among the cities made
military leadership{{U}} (13) {{/U}}, the head of the army who became
king assumed a(n){{U}} (14) {{/U}}position between the god, whose agent
he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to{{U}} (15)
{{/U}}Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical
society.{{U}} (16) {{/U}}them were the scribes, the secular attendants
of the temple, who{{U}} (17) {{/U}}every aspect of the city's economic
life and who developed a rough judicial system.{{U}} (18) {{/U}}the
temple officials, society was divided among an elite or{{U}} (19)
{{/U}}group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of
merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who{{U}} (20)
{{/U}}the majority of the population; and
slaves.
【答案解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。空格所在部分为分词结构作状语,即indicating that...。其中that引导宾语从句,空格处填入的名词为从句的主语。该名词后又跟有that引导的定语从句,that the peoples... goddess。将空格处的名词,即that代替的先行词放回定语从句,其完整结构是:the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess。选项中四个名词为近义词,[A]worship(祟拜,敬仰);[B] reverence(尊敬,崇敬);[C]admiration(钦佩,赞赏,羡慕);[D]gratitude(感谢)。从含义上看,人类对神应该是“崇拜”或“崇敬”,因此A和B比较恰当。其次,句中的搭配是pay sth.to sb..,表示“付出某事物给某人”。常用于这种搭配的是reverence及其同义词respect,pay reverence/respect to意为“尊敬,向……致敬”。因此选B。
【答案解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。空格处填入动词,其宾语是the temple(庙宇),其逻辑主语是who替代的名词 god(神)。选项中的四个动词为近义词,都可表示“居住”,但能够作及物动词的只有[A]inhabit(居住在,栖息于),是正确项。其它项意为“居住”时都只能作不及物动词,如live in a house(住在一所房子里)。 This family has resided in this city for 60 years.(这个家族住在本城已有60年了。)lodged at a friend's house.(我寄住在一个朋友家里。)live也可作及物动词,后面接同源宾语,意为“(以某种方式)生活,过日子”,如She lived a simple life.(她过着简约的生活。)
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题考查语法。空格处填入的副词出现在句首,表示空格所在分句与上文的逻辑关系。[A]Hence表示因果关系,意为“因此,所以”;[B]Thereafter表示时间关系,意为“其后,从那时以后”;[C]Somehow(由于某种未知的原因,不知怎么地);[D]Incidentally(顺便提一句;偶然地,附带地)。空格上一句提到,神是城市里所有财产的拥有者。空格所在分句的主叶:结构是the priests were favored,the priests后who引导的一个较长的定语从句指出,僧侣诠释神的意志。因此两个分句之间是因果逻辑关系,即,神的权力很大,因此诠释神的意志的人受到青睐。A正确。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。空格处填入名词,和后面的定语of the economic produce of the city一起作 controlled的宾语。[A]introduction(采用,引进,推行);[B]transaction(办理,处理);[C]distribution(分配,分布,分发,分送);[D]provision(提供,供给)。由上文可知,神是所有财产的拥有者,而僧侣诠释神的意志,因此僧侣负责产品的“分配”,C正确。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题考查介词用法辨析。空格所在句子的主干结构是the priests were favored,后面紧跟着的介词短语“_____ their supernatural and material functions”作状语。用在动词后,[A]as(作为,当作);[B]for(为了,因为),[C]under(在……下面;根据,按照;受……影响);[D]of用在某些动词后,接动作所涉及的人或事。根据句意,应选表原因的介词,即B。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】本题考查副词用法辨析。空格处填入的词出现在句末,用在两个并列的名词,supernatural(functions) and material functions之后。有这种用法的是[D]alike,它作副词时可用在提到的两个人或两种事物之后,意为“两者都,同样地”。其他项都可作副词,但不符合文意。[A]along(向前);[B]anyway(不管怎样);[C]afterwards(以后,后来)。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格所在部分是when引导的时间状语从句,其主干结构是warfare made military leadership...,空格处填入的形容词作宾补。[A]additional(附加的,另外的);[B]vital(至关重要的);[C]singular(单数的;非凡的,显著的);[D]exceptional(杰出的,优秀的,异常的,特别的)。根据句意,应该是“战争使军事领导才能更显重要”,因此B正确。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格所在句子的主干是:the head of the army assumed a(n) ___ position between the god and the priestly class。[A]alternative(可供替换的);[B]secondary(次要的,从属的); [C]intermediate[(两地、两物、两种状态等)之间的,中间的];[D]fundamental(基本的,根本的)。由于下文提到,“居于神和僧侣阶层之间的”,因此选C。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。空格所在部分是whom引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the priestly class。将先行词放入从句中,句子的完整形式是:He had the priestly class both to use and to ____ ,其中both...and连接两个并列的不定式作后置定语。可见,空格处填入的动词的逻辑宾语是“僧侣阶层”。[A]pacify(使……平静,抚慰);[B]tempt(诱惑,鼓动);[C]suppress(镇压,压制);[D]manipulate[操纵,(暗中)控制]。从上文可知,国王和僧侣都是神的代言人,但国王居于僧侣之上,因此他们之间的关系不应是“诱惑”或“镇压”。如果选择manipulate,与咖在含义上出现重复,也应排除。A正确。
【答案解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。空格处填入一动词,其逻辑主语是who替代的先行词the scribes(书吏),逻辑宾语是后面接的名词短语every aspect of the city's economic life。[A]supervised(监督,管理,指导), [B]held[拥有,持有;(军事意义上的)控制,守卫];[C]managed[管理,负责(公司、球队、组织等)];[D] presided[主持(会议、仪式等))。根据句意,书吏监督城市经济生活的方方面面,选A。
【答案解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格处填入的形容词与elite(上层的,精英的)并列修饰group,指的是下文提到的这样一群人(large landowners and military leaders)的特点。[A]leading(最重要的,最成功的); [B]noble(品质高尚的;贵族的,高贵的);[C]controlling一般作动名词,而不作形容词;[D]principal(主要的,最重要的)。由于上下文谈论的是社会阶层,选B。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。空格处填入一动词,其逻辑主语是who代替的先行词free peasants,宾语是 the majority of the population。从含义上首先排除C和D。[C]compile[编写(书、列表、报告等)];[D] consume(消耗,消费)。A和B都有“组成”的含义,但consist是不及物动词,要与介词搭配,consist of意为“由……组成”;compose是及物动词,意为“组成,构成(一个整体)”。因此选B。