单选题 A. Intellectual property rights can be enforced through civil remedies, and may involve criminal sanctions. As a final remedy, the right holder can obtain financial compensation for losses caused by infringement by choosing between damages or an account of profits which the defendant made from the infringement. Other final remedies may include delivery up and destruction of infringing documents, a court order to reveal relevant information, or an injunction.
B. Intellectual property is, in essence, useful information or knowledge. It is divided, for the purposes of study (and for establishing legal rights), into two principal branches: artistic property and industrial property. Artistic property encompasses artistic, literary, and musical works. These are protected, in most countries, by copyrights and neighboring rights. Industrial property is itself divided into two categories: inventions and trademarks. Inventions include both useful products and useful manufacturing processes. They are protected in a variety of ways, the most common protection being in the form of patents, petty patents and inventors' certificates. Trademarks include "true" trademarks, trade names, service marks, collective marks, and certification marks. All of these are markings that identify the ownership rights of manufacturers, merchants, and service establishments. They are protected by trademark laws.
C. Intellectual property is a type of personal property, but it is intangible. As such, it is difficult, not only to protect, since it cannot be easily held or contained, but to define and to design laws that will govern and control it. The increasing globalization and technological development of our world often make the laws of just a few years ago obsolete in this field of study. However, the issues surrounding the acquisition, protection, and transfer of knowledge across international borders will continue to be debated intensely in the near future. Anyone involved in business internationally must, therefore, have some basic, working knowledge of the national and international laws relating to intellectual property.
D. Regardless of its form, intellectual property is a creature of national law. International law does not create it. International law does, however, set down guidelines for its uniform definition and protection, and it sets up ways that make it easier for owners to acquire rights in different countries. National law—and sometimes regional law—is also important in establishing the rules for assigning and licensing intellectual property. Recently, the international community has worked to establish international norms for the transfer of intellectual property, but so far the effort has not been fully successful.
E. Rapid technological development throughout the world has made the protection and use of innovation an important issue in the economic success of nations. Owners of intellectual property want to enjoy the exclusive rights to their innovations as long as possible. A reasonably long period of time in which the innovator can enjoy the benefits of his innovation can be a powerful means of protecting the commercial benefits of creativity as well as an incentive for more innovations, thus leading to greater benefits both economically and socially from technological advancements. Consumers, competitors, and some developing nations, however, want innovations to be made available publicly as soon as possible, to reduce prices and provide greater availability of the innovations with fewer costs to them. Thus, intellectual property law tries :o balance these competing concerns and desires.

单选题 Intellectual property law attempts to strike a balance between the respective demands of different parities of innovations.

单选题 There are chiefly two types of intellectual property and each has its own features.

单选题 International law and national law perform different functions for intellectual property.

单选题 Intellectual property law can balance competing concerns and wishes of innovators, consumers, competitors, developing nations.

单选题 The unique feature of intellectual property has made it rather challenging to establish and enforce laws, thus obtaining relevant national and international laws is a must for international business.

单选题 Artistic property and industrial property, two major branches of intellectual property, each cover some subparts.

单选题 Intellectual property rights may be implemented by civil remedies .

单选题 Intangibility of intellectual property brings about the difficulty in its protection and law design as welt as heated discussion at an international level.