单选题
The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) . But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) . A tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in the East around 3000 B.C., and the abacus is known (40) by the ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, etc.
单选题
A. imagination B. creativity C. necessity D. illusion
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。imagination意为“想象,想象力”;creativity意为“创造力,创造”necessity意为“需要,必要性”;illusion意为“幻想,幻觉”。根据前面的it is usually the product of human need可知,应该选C。
单选题
A. substitute B. compensate C. account D. qualify
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题测试搭配。所填之词应该与后面的for搭配。substitute意为“替代,替换”,一般构成substitute A for B结构;compensate意为“补偿,抵补”,一般构成compensate for结构,意思是“补偿”;account意为“说明,认为”,一般构成 account for结构,意思是“解释,说明”;qualify意为“使……合格,使……具有资格”,一般与for搭配。所填之词的宾语是natural deficiencies(自然的匮乏),根据前面的People usually devise tools可知,应该选B。
单选题
A. their possessions B. their children C. themselves D. them
单选题
A. entertainment B. luxury C. survival D. adaptation
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】本题测试逻辑搭配。entertainment意为“娱乐,娱乐表演”;luxury意为“奢侈,豪华”;survival意为“生存,幸存”;adaptation意为“适应,改编”。前面的句子说necessity is truly the mother of invention,前一句话说“人类发明武器是为了抵御在体能上比自己强的动物”,而抵御动物的目的就是为了生存,所以应该选C。
单选题
A. ordinary B. common C. particular D. valuable
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。ordinary意为“平常的,普通的”,指通常遇见的;common意为“公有的,普通的”,指被最广泛地知道的:particular意为“特殊的,独特的”,指与同一范畴或种类的其他部分区分出来的;valuable意为“贵重的,有价值的”,指具有可观的货币或物质价值的。所填之词修饰tools,根据后面的certain established tasks可知,应该选C。
单选题
A. tackle B. perform C. operate D. facilitate
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。tackle意为“解决,处理”,一般指解决难题或问题;perform意为“完成,执行”,指完成所保证或希望的事情,一般指完成任务;operate意为“操作,运作”,指操作仪器设备;facilitate意为“使便利,使容易”。所填之词的宾语是certain established tasks(某些既定任务),所以应该选B。
单选题
A. deserted B. existing C. withering D. outdated
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题测试词义辨析。deserted意为“为人抛弃的,荒芜的”;existing意为“存在的,原有的”,指目前存在的;withered意为“枯萎的,凋谢的”;outdated意为“过时的,不流行的”。根据the bow and arrow(弓和箭)和spear or javelin(矛或标枪)之间的关系可知,应该选B。
【答案解析】本题测试语法。since引导时间、原因状语从句,引导时间状语时其主句通常用完成时态:if引导条件状语从句;now that引导原因状语从句;as引导原因、时间状语从句以及定语从句,引导时间状语时意为“随着”。civilizations developed与greater work efficiency came to be demanded是伴随性动作,所以应该选D。
单选题
A. as a result B. for one reason C. by no means D. at any rate
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题测试短语。as a result意为“结果”;for one reason意为“因为一个原因”;by no means意为“决不”;at any rate意为“无论如何”。根据文章可知,greater work efficiency came to be demanded与工具的发展之间的关系为因果关系,前面句子为原因,后面句子为结果。所以应该选A。
单选题
A. convenient B. sophisticated C. elaborate D. comprehensive
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。convenient意为“方便的,便利的”;sophisticated意为“复杂的,完善的”,指非常复杂、精密或尖端的;elaborated意为“详细的,精心制作的”;comprehensive意为“广泛的,全面的”。句子的主语是tools,根据前面的greater work efficiency came to be demanded(满足更高的工作效率需求)可知,应该选用B。
单选题
A. serve B. act C. play D. commit
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题测试习惯搭配。serve a function是习惯搭配,意思是“起……作用”。
单选题
A. inefficient B. effective C. adequate D. sufficient
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题测试逻辑搭配。inefficient意为“效率低的,效率差的”:effective意为“有效的,有作用的”;adequate意为“适当的,足够的”:sufficient意为“足够的,充分的”。根据后面的at which point an improvement would be made(需要改进)可知,所填之词应该表示否定之意,只有选A。
单选题
A. access B. promotion C. remedy D. quest
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】本题测试固定搭配。access意为“通路,入门”,通常构成have/gain/get/obtain access to短语;promotion意为“促进,提升”;remedy意为“治疗法,药物”,通常与against、for 搭配使用;quest意为“追求,探索”,通常构成quest for短语。根据后面的for speed and high-quality results可知,应该选D。
单选题
A. with B. in C. for D. at
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】本题测试习惯搭配。at... cost是习惯搭配,意思是“以……代价”。
单选题
A. but B. and C. while D. thus
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题测试语法。but表示转折关系;and表示并列关系;while引导时间、让步状语从句;thus表示因果关系。they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics与前面的Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions意思转折,所以应该选A。
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。trail意为“跟踪,追踪”,指追随……的足迹或气味;trace意为“追溯,探索”,指尽力发现某些已出现或发生的事所留下的记号、痕迹,通常与to搭配使用;trap意为“诱捕,设陷”;test意为“测试,检测”。根据后面的to the development可知,应该选用B。
单选题
A. to be used B. to have used C. to have been used D. to use