单选题
The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be "all things to all people". In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, " the nation"s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students. " The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an "integrated core" of common learning. Such a core would introduce students "to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. " Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: " Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. " Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure, promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that " There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. "
单选题
When a college tries to be "all things to all people" , it aims to______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析：本题问到当一个大学想满足各种人的各种需要时，它会想要做什么。从文章第一段第二句话可知很多大学的all things to all people(满足各种人的各种需要)这一宗旨是迎合了找工作的需要，为了满足这种急功近利、缺乏远见的需求，学校为学生提供了大量可供选择的学科(offered a variety of options)(第一段第五句话)。由此两处可知这些学校为了要实现这一目的，会鼓励学生研习尽可能多的课程，故C项正确。B项较有迷惑性，其表明的内容是造成的一种结果，而不是学校的意图。D项是对put learning to productive ends(学习为长远的、富有成效的目的服务)的一种曲解。
单选题
By saying that "in too many academic fields, the work has no context" the author means that the teaching in these areas______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】解析：此题需要联系上下文进行思考。在这里要特别注意分号的使用，它表示前后两分句的意思一致或互为补充说明。因此作者说“the work has no context”，接着解释道这是因为学校将技术培训视为目的，而非一种手段。也就是说这种教学错在看待“技能”的角度。因此正确答案选B项。注意这里的context并不是指具体的实际情况，因此A项错误。
单选题
One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析：文章第一段第二句话告诉我们，现在美国的许多大学里出现的教学危机正是因为为了迎合找工作的需要所致，也就是说，仅仅为了寻找工作这种狭隘的思想支配了很多大学的教学方向，故A项正确。B项与文章意思正好相反；C项是对“skills，rath—er than means，have become ends”的曲解；D项也不正确，获得文凭是找工作的条件之一，但学生自己是否仅仅对获得文凭感兴趣，文中并未明确表明这一观点。
单选题
American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】解析：联系上下文可发现“Teaching is important，we are told，and yet faculty know that researchand publication matter most．”即是造成这种结果的原因。也就是说文章第二段讲述了学校只重视科研而忽视教学(这正是选项D的意思)导致危机产生，所以“Not surpris—ingly，over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of theirfour-year degree candidates，”故D项正确。文中并未提到学校没有高水平的教员，也未提到学生因没有足够动力而不努力学习的问题，故A、C两项均不符合；从文章最后三句话可知教师更多的是对教学而不是对科研感兴趣，他们重视科研是因为学校重视科研，而不是他们兴趣所在，因此B项也是错误的。
单选题
It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for______.