阅读理解 Academic dishonesty is nothing new. As long as there have been homework assignments and tests, there have been cheaters. The way that cheating looks has changed over time, though, particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever. A study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics. Of the teens surveyed, 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour. A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via smartphone, though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated. In many cases, students did not realize that strategies like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all. In today’s classrooms, students who cheat are rarely caught. There are no formulas written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle, or whispering answers to their classmates. Today’s students use smartphones, tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes. Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies, students do not view the actions unethical. The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies, or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way. From a young age, students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites. Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently. Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process. Parents must also talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviours that may seem innocent in their own eyes.
单选题 What do we learn from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干关键词Josephson Institute of Ethics可以将答案定位到第一段第四、第五句。第一段第四句指出，约瑟夫森伦理学研究所进行了一项研究，调查了2万多名高中生关于学术道德的各种问题。第五句指出，51％的受访者称他们曾在考试中故意作弊，但他们并没有因这种行为而感到不安。51％的人就相当于超过一半的受访者，他们承认作弊并且没有对此感到愧疚，对比四个选项只有C项正确。A项的内容与原文明显相悖，可以排除。B项属于过分夸大，原文说大多数高中生承认有过作弊行为，但这并不能说明作弊正成为大多数高中生的生活方式。原文第三句指出，技术让作弊变得比以往任何时候都更容易，故D项与原文相悖，可以排除。
单选题 What did the Common Sense Media survey reveal?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干关键词Common Sense Media可以将答案定位到第一段最后两句。第一段最后两句讲述的是常识媒体的一项调查。该调查发现，尽管父母并不相信他们的孩子曾作弊，但35％的学生曾通过智能手机作弊。在许多情况下，学生们根本没有意识到在智能手机上查找答案实际上就是作弊。由此可知，学生是在无意识的情况下作弊的，故选项B正确。选项A属于过度推断，原文说父母不相信孩子作弊，并不能推断出大多数父母过度保护孩子，故排除。C和D的内容从原文中都无法得知，可以排除。
单选题 Why do students rarely get caught cheating nowadays?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】根据题干关键词rarely get caught可以将答案定位到第二段第一句。题干问的是原因，答案需要继续往下文寻找。第二段第一句指出，在如今的教室中，作弊的学生很少被抓到。下文进一步指出，现在的学生已经不在手心写公式，或者看过道旁边同学的答案，也不会小声将答案告诉同学。今天的学生使用手机、电脑等智能设备来帮助他们作弊，丝毫不留下他们的“作案”痕迹。由此可知，学生们作弊很少被抓是因为他们利用了智能设备，也就是现代技术，故选项D正确。A项是以前的作弊手段，可以排除。选项B和C的内容都与原文不符，故排除。
单选题 What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】根据题干关键词schools和tackle cheating可以将答案定位到最后一段第一句。题干中的tackle意为“应对，解决”，tackle cheating与原文中的develop anti-cheating policies(制定反舞弊政策)属于同义替换。最后一段第一句指出，学校必须制定包含技术在内的反舞弊政策，并且这些政策必须不断更新。由此可知，选项A正确，其中Bring…up to date与原文中的be updated属于同义替换。其他三项均不是原文作者认为学校该做的事情。
单选题 What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】根据题干关键词teachers do in the classroom可以将答案定位到最后一段第二句。最后一段第二句指出，当涉及学生在课堂上做什么，以及技术如何在学习过程中发挥消极作用时，教师必须保持警惕。也就是说，教师要警惕技术给学生带来的负面影响，提防学生滥用技术，故本题选D。选项中的Guard against与原文中的stay on guard属于同义替换。其余三个选项从常理判断似乎都有道理，但并不是作者给老师提出的建议，故排除。
单选题 What does the author say companies should do in the context of remote work?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】根据题干关键词in the context of remote work以及出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则，可以将答案定位到第一段第二句。第一段第二句指出，鉴于向远程办公的转变，公司应重新考虑其绩效评估程序的适当性。就是说现在的绩效评估可能不合适，公司要考虑改革绩效评估，故本题选A。其余三个选项文章中都没有提及，故排除。
单选题 What should be prioritized in assessing employees’ remote work?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】根据题干关键词assessing employees’ remote work可以将答案定位到第二段第二句。题干中的assessing同义替换原文中的measure。第二段第二句指出，这意味着工作应该根据工作的质量来衡量，而不仅仅是过程的质量。员工的工作就是对公司的贡献，所以说要优先考虑他们的贡献质量，故本题选C。选项A文章中没有提及，可以排除。第二段第一句指出，“第一个到，最后一个走”的思维方式很可能不再重要，所以工作时长不是优先考虑项，B与原文不符，可排除。选项D是根据下文出现的flexibility一词设置的干扰，下文是说员工最好能够有灵活性，不是优先考虑员工工作日程的灵活性。
单选题 What quality in the employees would be of great importance in a remote work context?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】根据题干关键词quality in the employees、of great importance以及出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则，可以将答案定位到第三段最后一句。第三段最后一句指出，灵活性和在最少监督下工作的能力等品质可能会变得至关重要。这里列举了两种能力，对比四个选项，只有选项D符合原文。其他三个选项从常识上判断似乎正确，但原文没有提及，故排除。
单选题 Why is it important for firms to provide timely feedback during the pandemic?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】根据题干关键词provide timely feedback during the pandemic可以将答案定位到第四段第二、三句。第四段第二、三句指出，在全球疫情的形势下，公司可能希望通过提供更频繁的沟通来为员工提供额外的支持。这使管理者既可以关注陷入困境的员工，又可以就员工如何适应新工作环境提供持续反馈。总结来说，及时反馈可能帮助管理者关注陷入困境的员工，也可以帮员工适应新的环境，故选项C符合原文。A项是利用第二段的内容设置的干扰，第二段的内容跟及时反馈没有关系，可以排除。B项错在应该是关注有困难的员工，不是表现不佳的员工。D项原文中没有提及，故排除。
单选题 What is the author’s suggestion to employers who experience the financial impact of the pandemic?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干关键词employers who experience the financial impact of the pandemic可以将答案定位到最后一段第一句。原文中的struggled to keep the lights on due to the pandemic和题干关键词属于同义替换。最后一段第一句指出，对于因这次疫情而难以维持正常运转的公司而言，这可能意味着要考虑以非财务的方式奖励员工，例如无薪休假或灵活的工作时间安排。也就是说，受疫情影响财务状况不佳的公司可以采取非常规的方式奖励员工，故选项B正确。其他三项原文均没有提及，故排除。