完形填空

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But 【B1】 _____ some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 【B2】_____ short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 【B3】_____ heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 【B4】_____, a good laugh is unlikely to have 【B5】_____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

【B6】_____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 【B7】_____. Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter 【B8】_____ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 【B9】_____ the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 【B10】_____ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state.【B11】 _____ one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 【B12】_____ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19 th century that humans do not cry 【B13】_____ they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also【B14】_____ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 【B15】_____ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 【B16】_____ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 【B17】_____ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 【B18】_____ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,【B19】_____ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 【B20】_____, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据文章第一段第三句话： “Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.”句意是：笑确实可以对心脏和血管造成短暂的影响，促进心跳，增加耗氧量。boost促进；增加，符合题意，故为正确答案。stabilize使稳固，使安定。impair损害；削弱determine 决定。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据文章第一段第四句话“But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain，a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way,say, walking or jogging does.”句意：大笑状态是难以维持的，所以我们不可能像计算散步和慢跑一样计算大笑的效用。sustain维持，支撑，是正确答案。transmit传输；传播。evaluate评估observe观察。我们由题意可知，散步和慢跑都是较长时间的运动，而大笑转瞬即逝，故答案为B。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】根据文章第一段第四句话“But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain，a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way,say, walking or jogging does.”句意：大笑状态是难以维持的，所以我们不可能像计算散步和慢跑一样计算大笑的效用。measurable可测量的；重要的。符合题意，故为正确答案。manageable易管理的；易控制的。affordable负担得起的。renewable可再生的；可更新的。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据文章第二段第一句话“In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does...”实际上，锻炼可以拉伸肌肉，锻炼肌肉，但是大笑却起到相反的作用，也就是让肌肉放松。本题考查的是短语辨析，in fact 实际上，符合题意，故为正确答案。in turn轮流，依次。in addition另外，此外。in brief简言之。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】根据第四段第二句话“In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a (n) disappointed expression.”句意： 1988年社会心理学家Fritz Strack做了一项实验，他让志愿者们要么用牙齿咬着一只笔，做出微笑的表情，要么就用嘴唇含着一支笔，做出失望的表情。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】根据第四段第一句话“In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a (n) disappointed expression.”句意： 1988年社会心理学家Fritz Strack做了一项实验，他让志愿者们要么用牙齿咬着一只笔，做出微笑的表情，要么就用嘴唇含着一支笔，做出失望的表情。either...or...要么……要么……。